口译分类词汇:WTO术语英文解释(10)

2008-08-20 00:00:00来源:暂无来源

Services

accounting rate — In telecoms, the charge made by one country’s telephone network operator for calls originating in another country.

commercial presence — Having an office, branch, or subsidiary in a foreign country.

GATS — The WTO’s General Agreement on Trade in Services.

general obligations — Obligations which should be applied to all services sector at the entry into force of the agreement.

Initial commitments — Trade liberalizing commitments in services which members are prepared to make early on.

modes of delivery — How international trade in services is supplied and consumed. Mode 1: cross border supply; mode 2: consumption abroad; mode 3: foreign commercial presence; and mode 4: movement of natural persons.

multi-modal — Transportation using more than one mode. In the GATS negotiations, essentially door-to-door services that include international shipping.

national schedules — The equivalent of tariff schedules in GATT, laying down the commitments accepted — voluntarily or through negotiation — by WTO members.

natural persons — People, as distinct from juridical persons such as companies and organizations.

offer — A country’s proposal for further liberalization.

protocols — Additional agreements attached to the GATS. The Second Protocol deals with the 1995 commitments on financial services. The Third Protocol deals with movement of natural persons.

prudence, prudential — In financial services, terms used to describe an objective of market regulation by authorities to protect investors and depositors, to avoid instability or crises.

schedule — “Schedule of Specific Commitments” — A WTO member’s list of commitments regarding market access and bindings regarding national treatment.

specific commitments — See “schedule”.

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