CATTI二级口译精讲讲义(第4讲)

2017-05-05 15:33:04来源:网络

  为了方便同学们的口译学习,新东方在线口译网为大家准备整理了CATTI二级口译精讲讲义(第4讲),供大家阅读参考。更多有关口译的资讯,尽在新东方在线口译网!

  CATTI二级口译精讲第4讲讲义

  二、篇章练习 中译英

  世界旅游组织秘书长弗朗加利先生,联合国常务副秘书长弗莱切特女士,各位代表,女士们,先生们:

  十月的北京,天高气爽,秋色宜人。世界旅游组织第15届全体大会今天在这里隆重开幕1。我代表中国政府,向各位来宾表示诚挚的欢迎!向大会表示热烈的祝贺!//

  旅游是一项集观光、娱乐、健身为一体的愉快而美好的活动2。旅游业随着时代进步而不断发展.3。20世纪中叶以来,现代旅游在世界范围迅速兴起,旅游人数不断增加,旅游产业规模持续扩大,旅游经济 地位显著提升,旅游活动愈益成为各国人民交流文化、增进友谊、扩大交往的重要渠道,对人类生活和社会进步产生越来越广泛的影响4。古往今来,旅游一直是人们增长知识、丰富阅历、强健体魄的美好追求5。在古代,中国先哲 们就提出了“观国之光”的思想,倡导“读万卷书,行万里路”,游历名山大川,承天地之灵气,接山水之精 华6。新中国成立后特别是改革开放以来,中国政府高度重视旅游工作,旅游业持续快速发展,已经成为一个富有蓬勃活力和巨大潜力的新兴产业。//

  目前,中国入境旅游人数和旅游外汇收入跃居世界前列,出境旅游人数迅速增加,已经成为旅游大国.

  Mr. Francesco Frangialli, Secretary-General of the World Tourism Organization,Ms. Louise Frechette, Deputy Secretary-General of the United Nations,All Delegates, Ladies and Gentlemen,

  At this October time when Beijing is offering us its charming autumn scenery in a most fresh air and clear weather, the 15th General Assembly Session of the World Tourism Organization is officially opened here. On behalf of the Chinese government, I would like to extend our sincere welcome to all the guests here and to express our warm congratulations on the convening of this session. //

  Tourism represents a kind of popular and pleasant activity that combines sightseeing, recreation and outdoor exercise, and it has been developing all along with the progress of the times. Since the middle of the 20th century, modern tourism has been growing at a fast pace around the world. The number of tourists has ever been on the rise, the scale of the tourism industry has been on constant expansion, and the position of tourism in the economy has been obviously raised. Tourism serves gradually as an important bridge of cultural exchange, friendship and further exchanges and exerts more and more extensive influence on the human life and social progress among various countries. From ancient times till now, tourism has demonstrated the happy wish of the people for more knowledge, varied experience and good health. In ancient times, ancient Chinese thinkers raised the idea of "appreciating the landscape through sightseeing". Ancient People also proposed to "travel ten thousand li and read ten thousand books'', which shows they found pleasure in enriching themselves mentally and physically through traveling over famous mountains and rivers. After the founding of New China, especially since the opening up to the outside world and the reform, the Chinese government has given profound attention to the tourism work, which has been undergoing steady and fast growth as a newly emerging dynamic and potentially strong industry.

  Presently,China is already a big tourism country who ranks among the top destinations in the world in terms of both tourist arrivals and foreign currency receipts, and whose outbound tourists are also increasing rapidly.

  1.“十月的北京,天高气爽,秋色宜人。世界旅游组织第15届全体大会今天在这里隆重开幕。”这两个看似独立的汉语句子译成英文后变为一个带有时间状语的句子:“At this October time when Beijing is offering us its charming autumn scenery in a most fresh air and clear weather, the 15th General Assembly Session of the World Tourism Organization is officially opened here.”

  译员在翻译时既要考虑汉语在表达时要“忠实原文”,又要着力在英译文中体现合理的逻辑关系以便让英文听众较容易地理解和接受。所以权衡左右,得此译文。因为,如果按汉语原文的形式,把两个句子割裂开来,容易让听众觉得讲话者由天气到大会开幕之间的转换过于唐突和牵强。事实上如果了解中国人致开幕词的某些习惯就会知道,中国人喜欢在宣布某项盛事开幕之前,加上对这一时刻特殊性或是重要性的描述,甚至是进行某些客观情况的描述,诸如天气特点,季节特征等。例如:“值此金秋时节, 隆重召开了。”“在这月明中秋的良宵,我们欢聚一堂,共庆 ”“艳阳高照,秋风送爽。在蛇年即将过去,马年新春即将来临之际,我们在这里隆重举行 ”在现场口译时,如遇到此类“起兴”的描述,译员可考虑将其尽量简化后译为时间状语(从句),如:

  “ On this beautiful autumn day, ” “ On this splendid mid-autumn night,” “At the beginning of 2002, the year of the horse,”

  等等。另外,第一句原文为“十月”修饰“北京”——“北京”为被修饰的中心成分;而译文 中“十月”变为中心词,后面跟由“北京”作主语的定语从句。这是由于汉语独特的表达习惯所致。在翻译时 要抛开原文表达的束缚,探究文字背后的逻辑意思。所以稍加分析,我们就可知道,北京因其十月而“天高气 爽,秋色宜人”,所以“十月”为中心词,“北京”可安排为从句中的主语。

  2.“旅游是一项集观光、娱乐、健身为一体的愉快而美好的活动。”此句中“是”译为:“represents”。为了体现语言的多样性和避免重复,除 “is ” 之外,译员还可考虑将“是 ”译成其他动词,如 “represents” “constitutes ” “forms ” “proves ” 等,有时还可视情况干脆译成系表结构以外的形式,例如:“ 已是世界文化遗产之一”可译为: “ has been included in the World Cultural Heritage List.”

  3.“旅游是一项集观光、娱乐、健身为一体的愉快而美好的活动。旅游业随着时代进步而不断发展。”译成英文时可以两句变一句,并把后一个“旅游业”用“it”代替。这主要是考虑到在表达承接的方法上,英语中多用代词,而汉语中多用重复。另外,通常情况下,汉语中短句较频繁,而英语中长句,复合句较多。

  4.汉语中的一句:“20世纪中叶以来,现代旅游在世界范围迅速兴起,旅游人数不断增加,旅游产业规模持续扩大,旅游经济地位显著提升,旅游活动愈益成为各国人民交流文化、增进友谊、扩大交往的重要渠道,对人类生活和社会进步产生越来越广泛的影响。”被译成英文后变为了三句。这是由于汉语表达不太注重体现语言表面的层次性和逻辑性,这些要靠听者自己通过字里行间的意思去体会。所以在汉语中,几层 意思经常揉在一起在一个层次中表达出来。而英语则比较注重语言层面上的条理性,通常会通过断句、代词、 连词等语言手段来体现。在翻译时,译员为了达到好的传译效果,也为了方便自己的记忆,通常会将一段讲话 先分成几个意群,然后按照逻辑分层译出。例如此举可分为三个层次:“20世纪中叶以来,现代旅游在世界范围迅速兴起,//(体现在)旅游人数不断增加,旅游产业规模持续扩大,旅游经济地位显著提升,// (结果是)旅游活动愈益成为各国人民交流文化、增进友谊、扩大交往的重要渠道,对人类生活和社会进步产生越来越广泛的影响。”故得此译文:”

  Since the middle of the 20th century, modern tourism has been growing at a fast pace around the world. The number of tourists has ever been on the rise, the scale of the tourism industry has been on constant expansion, and the position of tourism in the economy has been obviously raised. Tourism serves gradually as an important bridge of cultural exchange, friendship and further exchanges and exerts more and more extensive influence on the human life and social progress among various countries. ”

  5.在翻译“古往今来,旅游一直是人们增长知识、丰富阅历、强健体魄的美好追求。”时,还是要理解在先。在我们用母语讲话时,有些用法不一定完全合乎语法要求,但听众一样能理解并接受我们的表达,这是由于我们都处在同一个语境中,有相同的上下文和类似的背景知识,所以交流并不成问题。但译员在翻译时就要动动脑筋,不能机械地按照自己听到的字词进行一对一的翻译。以本句为例,说旅游是一种美好追求,应该说这并不是一个常用的搭配。但稍经分析,就可发现此句实际是在说通过旅游,人们可以实现增长知识、丰富阅历、强健体魄的美好追求;或是旅游体现了人们 的美好追求。故此句可译成:

  “tourism has demonstrated the happy wish of the people for more knowledge, varied experience and good health” 或可译成:“tourism is a process through which people can realize their pursue for knowledge, varied experience and good health”。

  6.‘在古代,中国先哲们就提出了“观国之光”的思想,倡导“读万卷书,行万里路”,游历 名山大川,承天地之灵气,接山水之精华。’经理解、整理后译为:“In ancient times, ancient Chinese thinkers raised the idea of "appreciating the landscape through sightseeing". Ancient People also proposed to "travel ten thousand li and read ten thousand books'', which shows they found pleasure in enriching themselves mentally and physically through traveling over famous mountains and rivers.” 译文中 “which shows they found pleasure in ”是译者的补充,以承上启下,体现逻辑关系。另外,“承天地之灵气,接山水之精华”是典型的古汉语表达,万万不可机械翻译。可权宜解释为:“enriching themselves mentally and physically”.在翻译某些独具文化特色的语言现象时,要在充分理解的基础上,通过适当解释来达到翻译的目的,切不可字字对应地去翻译,或是望文生义、想当然地将其译成目的语中看似对应的表达。

  7.“目前,中国入境旅游人数和旅游外汇收入跃居世界前列,出境旅游人数迅速增加,已经成 为旅游大国。”译成英文:

  "Presently,China is already a big tourism country who ranks among the top destinations in the world in terms of both tourist arrivals and foreign currency receipts, and whose outbound tourists are also increasing rapidly.”

  在原文被译成英文后,表达顺序作了适当调整。这是由于汉语表达的习惯是先分述、再总结;先描述、再结论;而英语表达正好相反。另外,由于英汉语表达习惯不同,“中国入境旅游人数和旅游外汇收入跃居世界前列”被译成英文:“(China) ranks among the top destinations in the world in terms of both tourist arrivals and foreign currency receipts.”


本文关键字: CATTI

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