口译双语：不爱锻炼可以“责怪”基因

2010-09-16 00:00:00来源：新东方

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口译双语：不爱锻炼可以“责怪”基因

　　An experiment tracking mice for 43 generations finds that progeny of those that initially were more active are spending three times as much time on the training wheel as the progeny of the initially more sedentary mice.

　　一项对43代老鼠的跟踪实验发现，与那些刚开始就很懒散的老鼠的后代相比，那些刚开始就很活跃的老鼠的后代花在锻炼上的时间要多出2倍。

　　Mice Show Heritable Desire for Exercise

　　Always finding excuses to skip the gym? Congrats—you might be able to blame your genes. Because the mere desire to exercise may be inherited, at least in mice. So says a study in the journal Proceedings of the Royal Society B.

　　The experiment started back in 1993 with 224 mice, divided into eight groups. In four of the groups, the researchers mated the males and females that logged the most distance on their exercise wheels. For the other four groups, they just randomly bred the mice.

　　Forty-three generations later, the mice descended from long distance runners are voluntarily running seven miles a day—three times as far as their lazy counterparts. And they cover those miles in different ways—some are marathoners, while others, especially females, run faster for fewer hours.

　　The running mice do have physical advantages, like better endurance and less body fat. But it's not just fitness. Previous studies suggest something's changing in the mice's brains, too, turning them into exercise addicts. And since mice and humans have similar genes, our itch to hit the track might also depend on how often mom and dad liked to throw on their running shoes.

　　老鼠对锻炼的渴望显示出遗传性

　　你经常找借口不去体育馆锻炼吗？恭喜你——你也许可以责备你自己的基因了。因为渴望锻炼可能是遗传下来的，至少对老鼠来说是这样的。发表在《英国皇家协会B》（Proceedings of the Royal Society B）杂志上的一项研究得出了上述结论。

　　该实验开始于1993年，研究人员把244只老鼠分成八个小组。在其中的四个小组中，研究人员把锻炼最多的雄性老鼠和雌性老鼠交配。对于另外的四个小组，研究人员只是随机地繁殖老鼠。四十三代以后，来自长跑老鼠的后代每天会自愿地跑七英里——这比它们那些懒惰的同伴多跑了两倍。这些老鼠跑步的形式也不一样——有些是马拉松选手，而其它一些老鼠，尤其是雌性老鼠，她们跑得更快，用得时间更少。

　　这些爱跑的老鼠确实有身体上的优势，比如耐力更好，脂肪更少。不过差别不仅仅在于健康上。以前的研究发现，老鼠大脑内的某些东西也在发生变化，从而把它们变成锻炼上瘾的老鼠了。因为老鼠和人类有类似的基因，所以我们对锻炼的渴望可能也取决于我们的父母亲对锻炼的喜好程度。

　　Vocabulary:

　　Track：跟踪
　　Progeny：后代
　　Initially：起初地；开始地
　　Sedentary：久坐的
　　Heritable：可遗传的
　　Randomly：随机地
　　Counterpart：职位（或作用）相当的人；对应的事物
　　Marathoner：马拉松选手
　　Endurance：耐力
　　Addict：上瘾
　　Itch：渴望；热望