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2012成人英语三级复习指导：高分语法(7)

2011-12-15 00:00:00来源：新东方论坛

注意1：by之后如果接的是动名词，则表示方式、手段，不能视为被动式的标志，且此时谓语应用主动式，如：He passed the exam by cheating.

注意2：对于know来讲，一般用be known to 而不用be know by强调句中it作形式主语可以替代任何被强调的部分基本模式：It + be + 强调对象 + who/ whom/that + 句子其余部分

如：It was only you who cared for me. （强调主语）

It is his sister whom /that I have fallen in love with. （强调宾语）

It was under the tree that she found her missing purse. （强调地点状语）

It was last week that I attended an art exhibit for the first time. （强状语）

It was not until he broke my favorite vase that I flew into rages. （强调状语从句）

注意：强调的对象是人时，可用who， whom或that， 其余情况一律用that； 当强调对象在从句中做主语时用who/that， 当强调对象在从句中做宾语时用whom/that.

虚拟语气

此章内容在TOEFL考点中处于相对次要地位，但在英文中是比较活跃的用法，必须对其有所了解， 这样对读题非常有帮助虚拟语气是英文中一特殊的语言现象，主要用于表达与事实相反的陈述，常表达强烈愿望、遗憾、感慨、后悔、责备、规劝等语义，可大致分为三类

一、对现在事实的虚拟基本形式：If + were /did等过去式…， …would /could /should /might + do

例如：If I were a bird， I would fly to the moon.

（事实上，I‘m not a bird， so I will not fly to the moon.）

If she knew who you are， she would go out of joy.

事实上，She doesn‘t know， so she still feels joyous.）

二、对过去事实的虚拟转自环 球 网 校edu24ol.com

基本形式：If + had done…， …would /could / should /might + have done

例如：If she had been warned earlier， she wouldn‘t have broken the rules.

（事实上：She was not warned earlier and she broke the rules.）

If it hadn‘t rained， the match would have seemed more fascinating.

（事实上：It rained and the match was less fascinating.）

此种虚拟可进行倒装，如：

Had the letter been sent out， it would have ruined our friendship.= If the letter had been sent out，

it would have ruined our friendship.

三、对将来事实的虚拟基本形式：

If + should do…， …would /could /should /might + do； 意思类似汉语中的“万一”

例如：If he should forget the date， I might teach him a good lesson.

（事实上：他不大可能忘记那个日期）

If it should snow this afternoon， we could make a snowman.

（事实上不大可能会下雪）

此种虚拟可倒装，如：Should my car fail， I would have to return home on foot.= If my car should fail，

I would have to return home on foot.

本文关键字: 考试

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