2014年公共英语一级语法讲解:虚拟语气用法详解(1)

2013-10-24 13:25:19来源:百度文库

  一、 条件句中的虚拟语气

  1. 条件句中虚拟语气的形式

  从句中提出一种与客观现实不相符或根本不可能存在的条件,主句会产生的一种不可能获得的结果。条件句中的虚拟语气根据不同的时间有三种不同的形式。

无标题文档

时间

从句谓语形式

主句谓语形式

将来

动词过去式(be用were)
should + 动词原形
were to + 动词原形

would / should / might / could + 动词原形

现在

动词过去式(be 用 were)

would / should / might / could + 动词原形

过去

had +动词过去分词

would / should / might / could have + 动词过去分词

  2. 条件中的虚拟语气的举例

  (1) 将来时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如:

  If he should go to Qing Hua University, he would make full use of his time. 如果他要上清华大学的话,他就会充分利用他的时间了。

  If he were to come here, he would tell us about it. 如果他要来的话,他会通知我们一声。

  (2) 现在时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如:

  If he were free, he would help us. 要是他有空的话,它会帮助我们的。

  If he studied at this school, he would know you well. 如果他在这所学校学习的话,它会对你很熟悉。

  (3) 过去时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如:

  If I had seen the film, I would have told you about it. 我如果看过这场电影,我会把电影内容告诉你了。

  If I had got there earlier, I would have met Mr. Li. 如果我早点到那儿,我就会会到了李先生。

  3. 运用条件句中的虚拟语气时,须注意的几个问题

  (1) 当从句的主语为第三人称单数时,谓语动词若是系动词be时,可用was代替were。但在倒装虚拟结构及if I were you, as it were中,只能用were。如:

  Were I ten years younger, I would study abroad. 要是我还年轻十岁的话,我会去国外学习。

  If I were you, I would try my best to grasp the chance. 要是我是你的话,我要尽力抓住这次机会。

  (2) 有时,虚拟条件句中,主、从句的动作若不是同时发生时,须区别对待。

  ①从句的动作与过去事实相反,而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。如:

  If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. 如果我在学校学习刻苦的话,我现在也会使工程师了

  If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话,我们现在就不会来这里了。

  ②从句的动作与现在事实相反,而主句的动作与过去事实不符。如:

  If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的话,我们会已经派他去北京了(from www.yygrammar.com)。

  If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他认识她的话,他肯定会去问候她了。

  ③从句的动作与过去发生的情况相反,而主句的动作与现在正在发生的情况相反。如:

  If it had not been raining too much, the crops would be growing much better. 如果天不下太多的雨的话,庄家会长得更好。

  If he had been working hard, he would be working in the office now. 要是他工作一直努力的话,他现在已进了办公室了。

  

本文关键字: 2014年 公共英语 一级

更多>>
更多课程>>
更多>>
更多课程>>
更多>>
更多内容

英语学习资料大礼包

加微信免费领取电子版资料

大促
更多>>
更多课程>>