中国戏曲(英汉对照)

2013-11-10 21:28:18来源：可可英语

　　今天和小编一同来学习中国戏曲(英汉对照)。希望对大家有帮助。

　　戏曲

　　Chinese Opera

　　原文：

　　Chinese Opera is the traditional form of Chinese theatre, which combines dialogue, music,vocal performance, dance, kung fu(gong fu), acrobatics, and so on. It is one of the threeoldest theatrical art forms in the world, together with Greek Theatre and Indian SanskritOpera. The origin of it can be traced back to the singing and dancing and religious rituals inprimitive times. But not until the late Song Dynasty (960-1279 A.D.) and the early YuanDynasty (1279-1368 A.D.) through a very long period of development and reforms did ChineseOpera form a mature and complete artistic system. According to partial statistics, there areover 360 regional opera styles in China, among which, Kunqu Opera is one of the oldest extantforms of Chinese Opera.

　　Kunqu Opera, which evolved from the Kunshan melody in the Yuan Dynasty, boasts a600-year history. Renowned for its gentle and clear vocals, beautiful and refined tunes, itgradually spread from Kunshan region nearby Suzhou to the rest of China and dominatedChinese theatre from the 16th to the 18th centuries, widely popular among gentry andcommon people. Kunqu is known as the "mother" of a hundred operas, because of its influenceon other Chinese theatre forms, including Beijing opera. In 2001, Kunqu was listed as one ofthe Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO.

　　Nearly disappeared by the early 20th century, Kunqu now is thriving again. Plays that continueto be famous today include The Peony Pavilion by the most gifted playwright of the MingDynasty, Tang Xianzu, the contemporary of William Shakespeare, Fifteen Strings of CopperCoins, by Zhu Suchen, The Peach Blossom Fan by Kong Shangren, The Palace of Eternal Youthby Hong Sheng. In addition, many classical scenes from other extinct pieces have survived.

　　Among the hundreds of forms of opera throughout China, Beijing Opera has the greatestinfluence and is therefore regarded as a national opera. The roles in Beijing Opera are dividedinto four main types according to the sex, age, social status, and profession of the character:Sheng (male roles), Dan (female roles), Jing (roles with painted faces) and Chou (clowns) andbesides, there are some other minor types.

　　Symbolism prevails in Beijing Opera, the stage of which knows no limit in space or time. Themusic of Beijing Opera mainly combines the Er Huang tune, the Xi Pi tune, and melodies ofKunqu. Typical Chinese musical instruments are used in a Beijing Opera orchestra, such as JingHu (two-string fiddle), Pi Pa (Chinese lute), Sheng (reed pipes), drums and gongs, etc.

　　Facial painting is a prominent feature of Beijing Opera. It shows the character's age, professionand personality by using different patterns and colors. Each color symbolizes a certaincharacteristic; red for loyalty and uprightness; black for a rough, stern or honest nature;yellow for rashness and fierceness; white for cunningness and deceitfulness; purple forbravery and wisdom; blue for a daring and vigorous character; gold and silver for gods anddemons.

　　翻译：

　　戏曲是中国传统的戏剧形式,综合了对白、音乐、歌唱、舞蹈、武术和杂技等多种表演方式。它与希腊戏剧和印度梵剧并称世界最古老的戏剧形式。中国戏曲的起源可追溯到原始社会的歌舞和宗教仪式，并经过漫长的发展和革新，才逐渐在宋元时期形成了比较完整成熟的艺术体系。据不完全统计，我国各地约有三百六十多种戏曲剧种，其中昆曲是现存最古老的剧种之一。

　　昆曲Kunqu Opera

　　昆曲发源于元朝的昆山腔，至今已有六百多年的历史。它逐渐从苏州昆山地区遍布全国各地，成为了从十六世纪到十八世纪末中国影响最大的剧种，受到了士大夫阶层和平民百姓的普遍欢迎。昆曲以清柔委婉的唱腔、优雅细腻的曲调著称。包括京剧在内的很多剧种都是在昆曲的基础上发展而来，因而昆曲素有“百戏之母”的雅称。2001年,昆曲被联合国教科文组织命名为“人类口述和非物质遗产代表作”。

　　昆曲尽管在20世纪初濒临灭绝，现又再度兴盛。现存著名的剧目包括与莎士比亚同时期的明代戏曲大家汤显祖的《牡丹亭》、朱素臣的《十五贯》，孔尚任的《桃花扇》，洪升的《长生殿》，另外还有不少经典的折子戏流传至今。

　　京剧 Beijing Opera

　　在中国数百种戏曲之中，京剧拥有最广泛的影响力，被称为国剧。京剧的角色主要根据性别、年龄、社会地位和职业分为四大行当：生(男性)、旦(女性)、净(花脸)、丑，此外还有一些配角行当。

　　京剧表演具有高度象征性，舞台无任何时空限制，京剧的音乐主要由“西皮”、“二黄”和昆曲曲牌组成，以京胡、琵琶、笙、锣鼓等典型中国传统乐器伴奏。

　　脸谱是京剧中最有特色的艺术。人物的年龄、职业和个性都通过不同的图案和颜色体现，每一种颜色都代表不同的特点。比如红色描绘人物的赤胆忠心，黑色体现人物忠耿正直，黄色表示人物剽悍或残暴，白色暗喻人物生性奸诈，紫色象征智勇刚义，蓝色喻意刚强勇猛，金色和银色多用于神、佛、鬼怪。

　　每天挤45分钟攻克上海口译吧，其实学习一门语言并不是难事，关键在于持之以恒。

　　不论是报考上海基础口译还是上海中高级口译的同学们，平时的积累是通过考试的一种方法。所以平时要多阅读一些和口译有关的内容以及背景知识，同时也欢迎同学们关注新东方在线论坛口译频道。

本文关键字: 口译戏曲