在美国性别歧视最严重的15种职业

　　Among the hundreds of full-time jobs tracked by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, women earn more than men in only two . On average, women working full time make only about 81% of the median earnings of their male counterparts.

　　在美国劳工统计局调查的几百种工作中，女性只有在两个行业中比男性挣得多。平均来说，全职工作的女性只能获得相当于男性同事平均工资81%的薪水。

　　To find out which jobs feature the biggest gender wage gaps, we compared the median weekly earnings of men and women working full time in 2012 in the same job titles, as reported by the BLS. We then ranked the jobs with the largest pay discrepancies in percentage terms.

　　为了找出哪些工作有最大的性别工资差距，我们对比了美国劳工统计局公布的2012年同等职位的男女周平均工资，然后工资差距的百分比大小对工作进行了排名。

　　As a broad category, sales appears to be one of the worst areas for women. In sales and related occupations, women make on average 62.2% of what men earn in those same positions, according to data from the BLS. Legal, management, production, and business and financial operations occupations also tend to pay women far less than men.

　　宽泛的来说，销售是对女性来说最不利的职业。根据美国劳工统计局的数据，在销售和与销售相关的职位中，女性的平均工资只是同等职位男同事的62.2%。法律、管理、生产和业务和金融业给女性的薪水也明显低于男性。

　　While the report doesn't speculate on why men significantly out-earn women in particular fields, firm size, geographic location, and industry may all factor into the discrepancies. Women may be more likely to pursue career paths at smaller companies and nonprofits, and may also be less successful at salary negotiations. Discrimination, either by employers or clients, may also contribute, particularly in legal, business, and management careers without clearly defined salary ranges.

　　但是报告并未分析为什么在特定领域中男性的工资明显高于女性。公司规模、地理位置、行业可能都是造成工资差异的原因。女性可能更倾向于在较小的工资或非盈利机构寻求职业发展，在工资谈判方面可能也没有男性成功。来自雇主或客户的歧视也可能是一个原因，尤其在没有明确工资范围的法律、业务和管理职位中。

　　To be sure, the wage gap as a whole has improved significantly over the past three decades. In 1979, women earned 62% as much as men in the same job titles. That figure has jumped 20 percentage points to women's current earnings of 81 cents on the dollar.

　　确切的说，工资差异在过去的三十年中有了显著的改善。在1979年，女性的工资是同等职位男性的62%。这个数据已经提高了20个百分点，现在女性的工资是男性的81%。

　　Most of that progress, however, came between the 1980s and the early 2000s. Improvements in the gender wage gap largely stalled after the onset of the Great Recession, and women's salaries have hovered around 80% of men's for roughly the past decade.

　　大多数的改进发生在19世纪80年代到20世纪初之间。公司差距的缩小在大衰退之后开始停滞，在过去的时间里，女性与男性的工资比就徘徊在80%左右。

　　Here are the 15 jobs with the largest gender wage gaps, based on the latest data from the BLS:

　　下面就是根据美国劳工统计局最新公布的数据推算出的工资性别差异最大的15个工作：

　　1. Insurance sales agents保险销售代理

　　Women's median weekly earnings: $641

　　女性平均周工资：641美元

　　Women's pay as a percentage of men's: 62.5%

　　占男性工资比例：62.5%

　　2. Retail salespersons零售业销售人员

　　Women's median weekly earnings: $436

　　女性平均周工资：436美元

　　Women's pay as a percentage of men's: 64.3%

　　占男性工资比例：64.3%

　　3. Sales and related workers (all other)销售和其它相关工作

　　Women's median weekly earnings: $653

　　女性平均周工资：653美元

　　Women's pay as a percentage of men's: 65.6%

　　占男性工资比例：65.6%

　　4. Real estate brokers and sales agents房地产经纪人和销售代理

　　Women's median weekly earnings: $680

　　女性平均周工资：680美元

　　Women's pay as a percentage of men's: 66%

　　占男性工资比例：66%

　　5. Personal financial advisors个人财务顾问

　　Women's median weekly earnings: $1,016

　　女性平均周工资：1016美元

　　Women's pay as a percentage of men's: 66.3%

　　占男性工资比例：66.3%

　　6. Marketing and sales managers市场和销售经理

　　Women's median weekly earnings: $1,110

　　女性平均周工资：1110美元

　　Women's pay as a percentage of men's: 67%

　　占男性工资比例：67%

　　7. Education administrators教育管理者

　　Women's median weekly earnings: $1,052

　　女性平均周工资：1052美元

　　Women's pay as a percentage of men's: 67.2%

　　占男性工资比例：67.2%

　　8 (tie). General and operations managers总经理和业务经理

　　Women's median weekly earnings: $971

　　女性平均周工资：971美元

　　Women's pay as a percentage of men's: 67.6%

　　占男性工资比例：67.6%

　　8 (tie). Physicians and surgeons内科医生和外科医生

　　Women's median weekly earnings: $1,418

　　女性平均周工资：1418美元

　　Women's pay as a percentage of men's: 67.6%

　　占男性工资比例：67.6%

　　10. Securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents有价证券、期货和金融服务销售代理

　　Women's median weekly earnings: $862

　　女性平均周工资：862美元

　　Women's pay as a percentage of men's: 69.1%

　　占男性工资比例：69.1%

　　11. Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers核查人员,测试人员,分拣人员、采样人员,和称重人员

　　Women's median weekly earnings: $570

　　女性平均周工资：570美元

　　Women's pay as a percentage of men's: 69.2%

　　占男性工资比例：69.2%

　　12. Claims adjusters, appraisers, examiners, and investigators理赔师、评估师、检察官和调查员

　　Women's median weekly earnings: $803

　　女性平均周工资：803美元

　　Women's pay as a percentage of men's: 69.3%

　　占男性工资比例：69.3%

　　13. Financial managers理财经理

　　Women's median weekly earnings: $988

　　女性平均周工资：988美元

　　Women's pay as a percentage of men's: 70.3%

　　占男性工资比例：70.3%

　　14. First-line supervisors of production and operating workers产品生产线主管和操作工

　　Women's median weekly earnings: $674

　　女性平均周工资：674美元

　　Women's pay as a percentage of men's: 70.6%

　　占男性工资比例：70.6%

　　15. Sales representatives (wholesale and manufacturing)销售代表(批发和制造业)

　　Women's median weekly earnings: $822

　　女性平均周工资：822美元

　　Women's pay as a percentage of men's: 70.8%

　　占男性工资比例：70.8%