白领必修课：各国餐桌礼仪大盘点

　　对于旅行者而言，餐桌礼仪(table manners)可是必修课。“孤独星球”旅游指南特地为旅行者们盘点了各国的餐桌礼仪，以便他们能更好地“入乡随俗”。

　　Table manners are how to behave when you eat a meal. They include how to handle cutlery and how to eat in a civilized manner. The world’s largest travel and digital publisher, Lonely Planet has assembled etiquette tips. It warns of blunders you should avoid at table. “It celebrates the fun of travel. Sometimes they are funny and sometimes they are informative,” said US editor Robert Reid, whose team pulled together tidbits from various cross-cultural books.

　　餐桌礼仪指的是你的用餐行为准则，包括如何使用餐具以及如何文明进餐。全球最大的旅行指南数字出版商“孤独星球”最近汇集了各类餐桌礼仪，并列出了餐桌禁忌警示。美国编辑罗伯特•瑞得同自己的团队将各类跨文化书籍中的珍闻搜集起来，他说：“此举用来宣扬旅行的乐趣，有时很有趣，有时也可以增长见闻。”

　　Eating 进餐

　　Japan 日本

　　Lonely Planet: It is “perfectly” okay to slurp when you eat noodles.

　　“孤独星球”：吃面时“滋滋”出声是“完全”没有问题的。

　　Tradition: Unlike making big noises, slurping mildly is not rude but is a compliment to the chef. Japanese also say it tastes better if you slurp.

　　文化传统：不同于制造高分贝噪音，吃面时自然地发出轻微的声音非但不粗鲁，反而是种对厨师的赞美。日本人认为吃面时发出声音，面条的味道会更好。

　　What else to watch: It’s important to say traditional phrases of thanks before and after a meal.

　　其他注意事项：饭前饭后说些感谢客套话是很有必要的。

　　Eat sushi whole. Dip the fish part rather than the rice into soy sauce.

　　寿司要一口吃掉。应该用鱼生的部分来蘸取酱油，而不是米饭的部分。

　　Russia 俄罗斯

　　Lonely Planet: Your wrists should be placed on the edge of the table while eating, fork in left hand, knife in the right.

　　“孤独星球”：用餐时手腕要放在桌子边缘，左手拿叉，右手拿刀。

　　Tradition: Keep your hands in sight. It is not good manners to rest them on your lap. Keep your elbows off the table.

　　文化传统：双手要保持在别人的视线内。把双手搭在大腿上这是不礼貌的，也不要将肘部放在桌子上。

　　What else to watch: Leave some food on your plate to show that the host has given you enough to eat. Or the host will ask if you’d like to have a second helping. It’s polite to mop up excess sauce or gravy with bread.

　　其他注意事项：不要吃光盘中的食物，以此来表示主人为你准备了充足的食物。否则主人会问你是否需要再来一份。用面包将余下的酱汁或肉汁抹干净吃掉也是礼貌的做法。

　　Portugal 葡萄牙

　　Lonely Planet: Don’t ask for salt and pepper if it is not on the table. “Asking for any kind of seasoning or condiment” will offend the cook.

　　“孤独星球”：如果桌子上没有摆放盐或胡椒瓶，不能主动去索要。“索要任何调味品或佐料”都会冒犯到厨师。

　　Tradition: Cooks are highly respected in Portugal.

　　文化传统：在葡萄牙，厨师是非常受人尊重的。

　　What else to watch: Place your napkin on your lap, and don’t eat with your fingers. Don’t switch cutlery between hands.

　　其他注意事项：将餐巾铺在大腿上，不要用手吃东西。不要双手交换使用餐具。

　　France 法国

　　Lonely Planet: never discuss money or religion over dinner. Going Dutch is considered “the height of unsophistication”.

　　“孤独星球”：餐桌上不要讨论金钱或宗教信仰问题。在法国人眼中，AA制会被视作极其不通世故的。

　　Tradition: In France, a meal is like a ceremony. People relish it and make it’s a special occasion.

　　文化传统：在法国，用餐就像是一种仪式。人们享受这一过程，并将其看作是一种特殊场合。

　　What else to watch: In contrast to the etiquette in Russia, it’s considered good manners to finish everything on your plate.

　　其他注意事项：与俄罗斯的餐桌礼仪相反，在法国吃光盘中餐被认为是一种礼貌行为。

　　People often cut bread directly on a table cloth rather than on a plate. Tear your bread into bite-sized pieces before eating. Taking a bite from the whole piece is very impolite。

　　人们通常直接在桌布上切面包，而不是盘子上。吃之前要先将面包撕成小块。拿着整个面包咬着吃很不礼貌。

　　Mexico 墨西哥

　　Lonely Planet: Whenever you catch the eye of someone who’s eating, even a stranger, it’s good manners to say “provecho”， which means enjoy.

　　“孤独星球”：如果你跟某个正在用餐的人目光相遇，哪怕是陌生人，你也应礼貌地说：“provecho”， 即“祝您好胃口”的意思。

　　Tradition: In Mexico, dining is more than a meal. It’s a social occasion - lunches are rarely quick and suppers can last for hours.

　　文化传统：在墨西哥，就餐不仅仅是填饱肚子那么简单，更是一种社交场合——午餐很少会匆忙结束战斗，晚饭要吃上几个小时。

　　What else to watch: Where you sit matters in the country. Before you get seated, look for place cards, or wait until the host seats you.

　　其他注意事项：在墨西哥，你就坐的位置很重要。就坐前，要看清座位卡，或是等主人领你就坐。

　　And you must say “enjoy your meal” before you leave the table.

　　离席前一定要说：“请慢用!”

　　Drinking 饮酒

　　Lonely Planet has offered helpful drinking tips.

　　“孤独星球”还提供了实用的《饮酒小贴士》。

　　America 在美国

　　If you empty a bottle into someone’s glass, it obliges that person to buy the next bottle. It’s polite to put the last drops into your own glass.

　　如果你将瓶中剩下的酒都倒进某人的杯中，那么这个人就不得不再买一瓶酒。因此礼貌的做法是将最后一滴酒倒入自己杯中。

　　Australia 在澳大利亚

　　In a pub it’s customary to buy a round of drinks for everyone in your group. When it’s your turn say “It’s my round”. They’ll make it up to you when it’s their round. Don’t leave before you’ve bought a round.

　　在酒吧里，按照惯例，每个人都要为所有同伴买酒。轮到你时，你要说：“让我来请大家喝酒。”轮到别人时，他们也会做东答谢你。如果你想离开，也要等到请完酒之后再走。

　　Japan 在日本

　　Don’t fill your own glass of alcohol, instead, you should pour for others and wait for them to reciprocate.

　　不要自己给自己斟酒。相反，你应该为别人斟酒，然后再等别人来为你斟酒。

　　Russia 俄罗斯

　　Adhere to the vodka rituals. Vodka is for toasting, not sipping. Men, but not women, are expected to down shots in one gulp. Never mix vodka with another beverage or dilute it. And don’t place an empty bottle on the table - it must be placed on the floor.

　　要遵守喝伏特加的礼节。伏特加是用来敬酒的，不能啜饮。男士要一饮而尽，女士则不用。一定不要将伏特加与其他饮料混合，也不要稀释它。不要将空瓶放在桌上，一定要放在地上。

　　Sweden 在瑞典

　　It’s considered impolite to clink glasses unless you say “cheers”.

　　碰杯被认为是不礼貌的，除非当你说“干杯”时。