成人英语三级考试英汉互译辅导资料(4)

　　It’s a day to celebrate, a time to educate, and a way to make a difference. Earth day was first observed on April 22, 1970. The tradition began in the United States and is now an international focal point for people who are concerned about the environment. Earth day grew out of grassroots action and institutional support. Student leader Denis Hayes and Wisconsin Senator Gaylord Nelson were two key organizers for the first event. Over 20 million concerned citizens rallied for clean air and water. College students were a major force in the campaign, although participants of all ages were involved. Still, we cannot really credit a handful of individuals for the success of Earth Day. After all, a major message of Earth Day is that every single person has an important role in the environment. The four major goals of Earth Day 2000 are clean cars, clean power, clean air, and clean investments.

　　这是一个值得庆祝、教育、使世界变得有所不同的日子。地球日首先是在1970年4月22日创立的。这个传统开始于美国。现在地球日成为所有关心环境人的一个国际性的关注点。地球日发端于草根行动及机构支持。学生领袖丹尼斯。海耶斯和维斯康星州参议员涅尔森是第一个运动的关键组织者。超过2000 万的市民集会要求清洁空气和水。尽管不同年龄的参与者都参与其中，大学生是这些运动的主力军。但是我们确实不能只把地球日的成功归功于一小部分人。毕竟，地球日意味着每一个人在环境保护中都起着重要的作用。2000年，地球日的4个主要目标是清洁的汽车、能源、空气和清洁的投资。

　　Education plays a very important role in everybody’s life. We go to school because we want to know more about the world around us and at the same time extend our horizons of thinking. The typical classroom used to be the place where teachers and students were working and exploring the wonderful world of knowledge together, but now everything has changed. Technology is taking over those interactions and introducing us to a whole new approach of leaning. The Internet is one of those approaches. Learning via the Internet is a new style that many people believe is more successful than the conventional form of teaching. The Internet allows schools to develop a large amount of learning material that is accessible for students online anytime. There are so many choices of courses and subjects or time frames that completing a program is not an issue for students anymore. We found that online education gives us excellent sources of information, saves our time, money and it is extremely convenient.

　　教育在每个人的生活中都扮演着一个非常重要的角色。我们上学是因为了解周围的世界，同时也拓宽自己的视野。过去，传统的教室常是老师和学生共同研究和探索美妙的知识世界的场所，但现在，一切都发生了改变。先进的技术正逐步取代这些交互式的活动并给我们带来一种全新的学习方式。国际因特网便是其中的方式之一。通过因特网学习是一种新的学习方式，许多人认为它比传统的教学方式更加有效。有了因特网，学校能够开发出大量的学习材料以供学生随时从网上获取。在网上，学生对各种课程和时间段有多种选择。因此，完成一项教育计划对学生而言就不再成为问题了。我们发现，在线教育为我们提供了绝好的信息资源，节约了时间和金钱，而且十分方便。

　　I know many students who took college prep classes all the way through high school and never read a book in an English class. They read Cliff Notes or Monarch Notes (应试“秘笈”)， or they copied work from other people who did. But they didn’t cheat just in English classes. They had systems of cheating in every class. Cheating became a way of life. They were always conniving (共谋;串通) and scheming (搞阴谋;策划)。 I’m not that pure. I’ve tried cheating, but I soon rejected it. I didn’t learn that way, and I lost my self-esteem (自尊)。 I also feared getting caught; and I discovered that most of the time cheating was hard, stressful work. So I never became a master observer of cheaters, because students almost always see more than teachers do. What I learned was that cheaters often put themselves under more stress than honest students.

　　我认识许多学生，他们从高中阶段就从未在英语课堂上认真读过书。他们或者在临考前翻翻应试“秘笈”，或是抄袭他人的作业。他们不仅在英语课上作弊，在其他课程上也如法炮制。作弊成为了他们的一种生活方式。他们总是在挖空心思想如何作弊。我并不是那么纯洁，也曾试过作弊，但很快就不干了。因为那样没法学到知识，还会因此失去自尊。我还害怕被抓住，我发现作弊决非易事，还要常常提心吊胆。因此我对作弊并不老道，但学生们看到的总比老师多。我知道作弊的学生比诚实的学生压力更大。

　　What personal qualities are desirable in a teacher?

　　First, the teacher’s personality should be lively and attractive. This does not rule out people who are plain-looking, or even ugly, because many such people have great personal charm. But it does rule out such types as the over-excitable, sad, cold, and frustrated.

　　Secondly, I hold it essential for a teacher to be both intellectually and morally honest. This means that he will be aware of his intellectual strengths and limitations, and will have thought about and decided upon the moral principles by which his life shall be guided. There is no contradiction in my going on to say that a teacher should be a bit of an actor. That is part of the technique of teaching, which demands that every now and then a teacher should be able to put on an act to enliven (使生动) a lesson, correct a fault, or award praise.

　　教师最可贵的个人品质是什么?

　　首先，教师应该个性活泼，样貌出众。这不意味着相貌平平，模样丑陋的人就不适合当老师，这其中不乏极具人格魅力的人。但那些性格上过于咋咋呼呼，忧郁，淡漠和消沉的人的确不太适合当老师。

　　第二，我认为教师在知识和道德两方面都必须具备诚实的品质。也就是说，他应该了解自身知识结构的强与弱，善于思考和抉择道德准则，以这些道德准则指导人生。此外，一名教师又应该有一点儿象个演员，这与我刚才谈到的品质并不矛盾。演技就是教学技能的一部分，因为教师时不时应该能够通过表演来活跃课堂，纠正错误或者给予褒奖。

　　Languages, particularly English, are not immutable. Languages change. Languages borrow words and phrases from each other. English , in particular, is like a vacuum cleaner, sucking up words and phrases from other languages. English now includes borrowed words and phrases from over 350 languages. Some think that this is harmful to the English language, that we should make efforts to keep English somehow “pure”。 However, consider the richness of English and what it has gained from its incorporation and assimilation of other languages. It has and continues to evolve, and through its borrowings, tells its history of the people, cultures, and other languages it has influenced and has been influenced by. What is certain about the future of English is that it will continue to evolve and change.

　　语言，特别是英语，都不是永恒不变的。语言会变化。语言彼此借鉴用法。英语就像吸尘器，吸纳了约350种语言中的词汇。有人认为这对语言有害，因而必须保持英语的纯粹。但是我们得看到当今英语是何其的丰富，以及通过融合吸收所带给英语的好处。她过去是、现在是、将来仍然会承载它所影响的和被影响的人们、文化及语言的历史。确信无疑的是英语将继续进化演变。