口译：沙张白·《市声说》英译

2017-01-03 09:19:00来源：网络

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鸟之声聚于林，兽之声聚于山，人之声聚于市。是声也，盖无在无之。而当其所聚，则尤为庞杂沸腾，令听者难为聪焉。今人入山林者，闻鸟兽之声，以为是天籁适然，鸣其自乐之致而已。由市声推之，乌知彼羽毛之族，非多求多冀，哓哓焉炫其所有，急其所无，以求济夫旦夕之欲者乎？

京师土燥水涩，其声噌以吰。鬻百货于市者，类为曼声高呼，夸所挟以求售。肩任担负，络绎孔道，至于穷墟僻巷，无所不到。传呼之声相闻，盖不知几千万人也！祁寒暑雨，莫不自晨迄暮，不肯少休，抗喉而疾呼，以求济其旦夕之欲耳！

苟谓鸟之呼于林，兽之呼于山者，皆怡然自得，一无所求，而人者独否，是天之恩勤群类，予以自然之乐者，反丰于物而勒于人，此亦理之不可信者也。然使此千百万人者，厌其勤苦，且自悔不鸟兽若，尽弃其业而他业焉，将京师之大，阒然寂然，不特若曹无以赡其生，生民之所需，畴为给之？此又势之必不可着矣。顾使其中有数人焉，耻其所为，而从吾所好，则为圣贤，为仙佛，为贵人，为高士，何不可者。吾惜其自少至老，日夕为抗喉疾呼，而皇皇于道路以死者。甚矣，市声之可哀也。

虽然，市者，声之所聚；京师者，又市之所聚也。揽权者市权，挟势者市势，以至市文章，市技艺，市恩，市诌，市诈，市面首，市颦笑：无非市者。炫其所有，急其所无，汲汲然求济其旦夕之欲，虽不若市声之哓哓然，而无声之声，震于钟鼓矣。甚且暮夜之乞怜无声，中庭之相泣有声，反不若抗声疾呼者之为其事而不讳其名也。君子之所哀，岂仅在市声也哉！

嗟乎！有凤凰焉，而后可以和百鸟之声；有麒麟焉，而后可以谐百兽之声；有圣人焉，而后能使天下之人之声皆得其中，终和且平，而无噍杀嚣陵之患。四灵不至，君子之所为致慨也。若曰厌苦人声，而欲逃之山林，以听夫无所求而自然之鸣焉，是鸟兽同群，而薄斯人之吾与也。

On CityNoises

Sha Changpai

There are noises of the forests,of the jungles, and of the cities. When birds, beasts, and men get together,one always hears a booming, boiling confusion of noises. Sometimes one listensto the cries of animals and songs of birds in the forests and imagines that thesecries and songs are pure expressions of joy without a purpose. By the analogyof human noises in the city, however, one must conclude that they have a verydefinite purpose, either to show off what they have got, or to cry for whatthey haven’t, for the satisfaction of some immediate primitive desires.

The climate of Peking is dry, andthe city noises carry a long way. The peddlers’ cries are heard everywhere, onthe avenues, in the alleys, and in the most remote areas. The peddlers carrytheir wares and thread the streets where homes are to sell what the housewivesmay want to buy. There are thousands of them, in rain or shine, morning andnight. These noises are noises of men who have something to sell and want tosell it. It would be unreasonable to assume that the noises of men are for thesatisfaction of some needs and those of animals are not. I think of these criesas cries of men who cry aloud and appeal to the public that they have somethingto sell in order that they may make a living thereby, and who continue to do sotill the end of their days.

The noise of the city istherefore symbolic of all human activities and professions. All mankind triesto sell something. Those who have power sell power and those who have influencesell influence. Artists, writers, officials, bureaucrats, and women sell theirart, their writing, their favors, their cunning and thought and personal charmsto obtain what they want. They all try to show off what they have got, and cryfor what they haven’t, for the satisfaction of some immediate desires. Thereare even whispers in the middle of the night, and caucuses behind closed doors,on unmentionable topics and inaudible to the world outside, the words withoutnoise, the song without words, for the satisfaction of some immediate needs,which speak nevertheless louder than the bells and drums of the city. Thefunction of these noiseless noises is the same as that of peddlers’ cries, butthe contents are not always so honorable.

Alas! only the phoenix cancommand the harmony of the birds’ songs, only the unicorn can bring order tothe cries of animals, and only the sages can bring about the satisfaction ofmen’s needs so that the voice of men shall be a voice of peace and happiness,not a voice or turmoil and discontent. It is not right that men should escapeto the mountains and live as hermits to enjoy the songs of birds and cries ofanimals, thus placing men below the animal creation.

（林语堂译）

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