新东方首发 9.16上海高级口译翻译标准答案及解析

汉译英部分

　　新东方首发 9.16 高级口译“英译汉”试题披露（完整版）

　　The task of writing a history of our nation from Rome’s earliest days fills me, I confess, with some misgivings and even were I confident in the value of my work, I should hesitate to say so. I am aware that for historians to make extravagant claims is, and always has been, all too common: Every writer on history tends to look down his nose at his less cultivated predecessors, happily persuaded that he will better them in point of style, or bring new facts to light. But however that may be, I shall find satisfaction in contributing, not, I hope, ignobly, to the labor of putting on record the story of the greatest nation in the world. Countless others have written on this theme and it may be that I shall pass unnoticed amongst them. If so, I must comfort myself with the greatness and splendor of my rivals, whose work will rob my own of recognition.

　　My task, moreover, is an immensly laborious one. I shall have to go back more than 700 years, and trace my story from its small beginnings up to these recent times when its ramifications are so vast that any adequate treatment is hardly possible. I am aware too that most readers will take less pleasure in my account of how Rome began and in her early history; they will wish to hurry on to more modern times and read of the period, already a long one, in which the might of an imperial people is beginning to work its own ruin. My own feeling is different; I shall find antiquity a rewarding study. If only, because, while I am absorbed in it, I shall be able to turn my eyes from the troubles, which for so long have tormented the modern world, and to write without any of that over anxious consideration, which may well plague a writer in contemporary life, even if it does not lead him to conceal the truth.

　　新东方首发 9.16 高级口译“英译汉”参考答案（权威版）

　　我忙着写一段从罗马建立伊始我们国家的历史，我承认，而且还有点担忧，即使我对我工作的价值充满信心，我仍然不敢这么说。我觉得，历史学家言过其实，是司空见惯的现象，而且一直如此：每一个写历史的人往往对他素养稍低的前辈们嗤之以鼻，还喜滋滋地声称要在风格上超越他们，或者要挖掘更多的事实。但是无论如何，只要能有所贡献，把世界上最伟大的国家的故事记入史册，即使默默无闻，我都会感到满足。关于这一主题的作品汗牛充栋 / 数不胜数，我自己的可能会湮没其间。如果是这样，我只能想想对手的伟大和才华，以求自慰，因为他们让我的作品相形失色。

　　而且，我的任务相当艰辛。我得回顾 700 多年的历史来写我的故事，一直追溯到纷繁芜杂的近代，几乎再难有所作为。我知道，大多数读者对于我关于罗马的建立及其早期历史讲述兴致不高；他们想尽快品读足够漫长的近代，因为那时一个强大的王朝开始了自我覆灭。我个人的感觉恰恰相反：我会发现研究古代是颇有收获的。因为，当我沉浸其中的时候，我就能把目光从折磨了现代社会太长的时间的困扰中移开，就敢于放开手脚，信笔由缰，不再使一个现代社会的作者备受煎熬，即使不能引领他发现真相。

　　［作者：朱敏琦，上海新东方中高级口译翻译名师,口译研究中心成员,高级同声译员,曾获全国翻译大赛冠军得主。］

英译汉

　　据说，上海男人是最好的丈夫。他们总是知道该如何讨妻子欢心，避免矛盾，一家人其乐融融。从某种程度上讲，上海男人是社会安定和和谐的象征。当妻子快乐时，他也快乐。因而整个城市充满快乐的气氛。

　　上海男人常被戏谑为“妻管严”。但他们从不屈从于妻子，当发生争吵时，他们总是保持沉默，要么一笑置之。但他们有时也会生气，但事后不久他们会毫不犹豫道歉。最终妻子发现，她总是按照他说的去办。

　　上海男人，聪明、务实，有时甚至有点圆滑。但最印象深刻的，上海男人在事业上有进取心，对家庭有很强的责任感，而且尊重女性。

　　新东方口译研究中心首发“汉译英”参考答案（权威版）

　　Shanghai men are said to be the best of husbands. They know how to win the favor of their wives and avoid conflicts so that happiness pervades their families. Shanghai men can be regarded as the symbol of social security and harmony. They are joyful whenever their wives are, thus filling the whole city of Shanghai with happiness.

　　Shanghai men are jokingly called hen-pecked husbands. However, they will never yield to their wives but remail silent or smile away the quarrels. And they will apologize unhesitantly shortly after they lose their temper, which is a rarity. Finally, their wives find themselves complying to what their husbands say.

　　Shanghai men are smart and practical and even slippery, but what impresses most is that they are aggressive in their career and responsible to their families and respectful to females.

“汉译英”权威解析

　　本次高级口译考试“中译英”部分选择了“上海男人”来作为主题，?意料之外，在于历届考题考察中国的政治、经济和文化居多，曾经考察过老舍的自传和杨绛对于钱钟书的回忆，但是涉及把一个群体来作为话题还是首次。所谓意料之中，在于无论是什么样的文章，万变不离其中，越是散文化的语言，越是能够体现汉语的特色，我们如果深入地了解英语和汉语的异同，恰当地进行转换即可。

　　我们在上海新东方的口译课堂上强调过不少的英汉差异、许多的翻译技巧，这篇小文正是考生大展身手的时候。比如，英语重形合，汉语重意合，本篇的许多小分句需要考生采用恰当的方式进行衔接。如：

　　他们总是知道该如何讨妻子欢心，避免矛盾，一家人其乐融融。 They know how to win the favor of their wives and avoid conflicts so that happiness pervades their families.

　　本句“一家人其乐融融”是前面的分句带来的结果，我们可以利用 so that 句型把它们衔接到一处。

　　再如：

　　当妻子快乐时，他也快乐。因而整个城市充满快乐的气氛。

　　They are joyful whenever their wives are, thus filling the whole city of Shanghai with happiness.

　　本句中的“因而整个城市充满快乐的气氛。”也是前面分句的内容所带来的结果，为了避免行文的重复，我们可以避开 so that ，选用另一种英语体现结果的特殊句型： …, thus doing… ，使各个分句衔接紧密，浑然一体。

　　再如：

　　但他们（上海男人）从不屈从于妻子，当发生争吵时，他们总是保持沉默，要么一笑置之。 However, they will never yield to their wives but remail silent or smile away the quarrels.

　　我们采用 but 和 or 把三个小分句连接在一起，说明它们合理的逻辑关系。

　　同时，我们和新东方口译班同学强调英语省略多，汉语重复多，在汉译英的时候需要适当地减词，这篇文章依然可以通过减词把考生良好的英语感觉体现出来。如：

　　当妻子快乐时，他也快乐。

　　They are joyful whenever their wives are.

　　本句中的“快乐”是无需重复的。

　　再如最后一段两句话中同时出现“上海男人”，后面的一个就不必再行重复，译出“ they ”即可。

　　我们在课堂上一直强调，当考生的词汇量有限的时候，要善于运用英语的一些结构达到较好的翻译效果，如并列结构，即采用近似的词语或者词组，表达并列的信息。如最后一句：

　　但最印象深刻的，上海男人在事业上有进取心，对家庭有很强的责任感，而且尊重女性。

　　…but what impresses most is that they are aggressive in their career and responsible to their families and respectful to females.

　　最后一个小分句中“尊重女性”不适合译作动词词组，我们选用形容词词组来翻译，从而能和前面的两个分句形成并列结构，达到逻辑分明、语意清楚的翻译效果。

　　每一篇文章，行文之中，你对英语的感觉跃然纸上，你需要的，是对于英语的深入的了解，是对于两种语言灵活自如地转换，而这些，你都能够在我们的新东方课堂上得到！

　　（作者：Sherry Zhang，上海新东方高级口译翻译名师,口译研究中心成员,中高级口译考试笔试阅卷人兼口试主考官,上海交通大学英语语言文学博士。）