新概念：阅读课的三大教学重点2

2011-03-28 00:00:00来源：北京新东方学校

· 新东方名师指导新概念的背法1
· 新东方名师指导新概念的背法2
· 新概念二册中的两个疑问：单复数与in time

　　其次，对于语法，阅读理解主要通过设置障碍考察考生能否主动消除。一个传统的错误看法是英语语法根本不需要学，外国人也没有像我们一样学英语语法，就像我们也没有刻意学汉语语法一样，交流照样不受影响啊！这个看法错误的根源在于混淆了"习惯"和"不需要"。我们只是习惯了母语的表达习惯，因为我们长久以来有这个运用的环境；而外语则不具备这个条件。当然语法学习的另外一个极端则是将语法与听、说、读、写的脱节，孤立地看待语法本身；这种做法的最大恶果就是年年重复学习同样的语法规则却丝毫没有成就感。以英语中最难的语法 ---虚拟语气的倒装为例：

　　Had I worked harder at school, I wouldn't be wasting my time here now.

　　译文：如果我当年在学校多努力一点，现在就不会在这（估计是培训班）浪费时间了。

　　分析：这句话是典型的分裂式虚拟语气，即对过去的假设，而现在的结果。可如果仅仅知道这一点是没有多大意义的，依然缺乏临门一脚。经过提炼我们可以得出一个句型：

　　Had I done…, I would do…now. 即："早知今日…,何必当初…啊"！相信人人在回首往事时都有同感，因此这个句型就有了使用的基础：交流的保障。比如，如果当年不是某位恩师的滴水之恩，也不可能有现在的自己，套用上面的句型就可以脱口而出：Had it not been for his assistance, I wouldn't go this far now. 试想，如果每个语法点我们都能学到一个常用句型的地步，语法又何尝不能早日攻克！因此，语法学习，重在运用，即grammar in use.在这里也结合个人经历给大家推荐《新概念英语》第二、三册。二册通过一个个优美的小故事系统全面地讲述了英语的基础语法，目前在国内还没有任何一本教材能够在实用性和系统性上能够与其相提并论。而三册则是从实用的角度展示了英语语法在写作中的丰富多彩，美轮美奂！对于任何即将走进四、六级、托福、雅思和GRE考试的考生来讲，实用的语法基础是成功的最大保障。

　　再次，对于文章观点属性和各个观点间关系的判断能力是阅读理解最重要的能力。把握作者大意是一切文章阅读的关键。中国学生最容易钻到文章中摘取字词句的"奇花异草"而忽略掉文章作为整体所要传达的central idea. 大体来讲，段落中作者的大意主要出现在三个地方，即首尾句、例证前、转折后。我们分别看下面的三个例子：

　　Most of us have formed an unrealistic picture of life on a desert island. We sometimes imagine a desert island to be a sort of paradise where the sun always shines. Life there is simple and good. Ripe fruit falls from the trees and you never have to work. The other side of the picture is quite the opposite. Life on a desert island is wretched. You either starve to death or live like Robinson Crusoe, Waiting for a boat which never comes. Perhaps there is an element of truth in both these pictures, but few of us have had the opportunity to find out.（首尾句）

　　These days, people who do manual work often receive far more money than people who work in offices. People who work in offices are frequently referred to as 'white-collar workers' for the simple reason that they usually wear a collar and tie to go to work. Such is human nature, that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white-collar workers. This can give rise to curious situations, as it did in the case of Alfred Bloggs who worked as a dustman for the Ellesmere Corporation.（例证前）

　　We are less credulous than we used to be. In the nineteenth century, a novelist would bring his story to a conclusion by presenting his readers with a series of coincidences -- most of them wildly improbable. Readers happily accepted the fact that an obscure maidservant was really the hero's mother. A long-lost brother, who was presumed dead, was really alive all the time and wickedly plotting to bring about the hero's downfall. And so on. Modern readers would find such naive solutions totally unacceptable. Yet, in real life, circumstances do sometimes conspire to bring about coincidences which anyone but a nineteenth century novelist would find incredible.（转折后）

　　把握了这几点，找出文章的中心思想就很容易了。例如：

　　Protected by third-party payers from the cost of our care, we demand everything that can possibly be done for us, even if it's useless. The most obvious example is late-stage cancer care. Physicians --- frustrated by their inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope in the patient---- too often offer aggressive treatment far beyond what is scientifically justified. （03考研）

　　The author uses the example of cancer patients to show that ____

　　 A. medical resources are often wasted.

　　 B. doctors are helpless against fatal disease.

　　 C. some treatments are too aggressive.

　　 D. medical costs are becoming unaffordable.

　　分析：该题是典型的例证题，例证题答案就是作者观点，也可以认为该题目是主旨题。根据上文"例子前找观点"的方法（因为作者无论给出多少例子始终是想证明自己的观点），结合关键信息 "even if it's useless", 不难看出正确答案应当是A.

　　此外，识别阅读中的关键词是把握文章观点变化的关键。关键词主要包含"三强词汇"：

　　强对比： while，unlike, in contrast to, on the other hand, on the contrary, until recently, prior to 1980s 等

　　强转折：Although/though, despite/in spite of, but/yet, however/nonetheless/nevertheless, in fact/actually, rather/instead, virtually/practically

　　强因果：conclude, result in/from, lead/contribute to, give rise to, thus/hence/therefore/so, because/as/since/for, due/owing to 等

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