留学归国想落户口不容易

　　For Xu Man, 22, a senior in international business at Peking University, studying at a graduate school abroad doesn’t simply mean gaining a foreign diploma.
　　22岁的徐曼（音译）是北京大学国际商务专业的一名大三学生。对她而言，出国读研不单单只是意味着获取一纸“洋文凭”。
　　One of the other perks it could possibly bring include a Beijing hukou, or permanent residency permit entitling her to many privileges in the capital.
　　出国留学还将带来众多的附加福利，其中之一便是北京户口，这可以使她在北京享受多种优厚待遇。
　　However, when she received the offer from Columbia University in New York earlier this year, she felt unsure about still getting the hukou in two years.
　　而今年年初，当收到到纽约哥伦比亚大学的录取通知时，她不确定两年后自己是否还能拿到北京户口。
　　“As Beijing is restricting the hukou for returned overseas students, I wondered if it will be even harder to obtain after I complete my studies,” said Xu.
　　“由于北京收紧归国留学生落户政策，完成学业后不知道会不会更难拿到北京户口。”徐曼说。
　　She’s just not the only student with such concerns. As the household registration policy tightened, local government also tightened rules.
　　徐曼并不是唯一一个心存顾虑的学生。随着户籍管理制度的收紧，当地政府部门也收紧了相关规定。
　　Statistics released by Beijing Municipal Bureau of Human Resources and Social Security, shows that the quota of Beijing hukou for graduates from other places has been reduced to 6,000 last year, a two thirds cut from the year before.
　　北京市人力资源和社会保障局发布的一项数据显示，去年北京给予非京生源毕业生留京指标名额为6000个，较前一年下降2/3。
　　Starting from 2005, post-graduate students returning from studying overseas could become Beijingers with a certified diploma and a contract with a Beijng-based company.
　　从2005年起，留学归国的硕士毕业生可以凭公认的学历以及与在京用人单位签订的合同落户北京。
　　After 2009, students had to ensure that their stay abroad was at least 360 days. The rules said that companies recruiting the students should have at least 500,000 yuan registered capital, and a collective hukou quota with a preference for high technology jobs.
　　2009年之后，学生必须确保他们在国外停留超过360天，相关规定要求：接收硕士留学生的企业注册资金至少要达到50万元，且高新技术职位将优先获得集体户口指标。
　　Shanghai adopted similar but less strict hukou measures for overseas returnees.
　　针对归国留学生，上海采取了相似但较宽松的户籍门槛。
　　For instance, those with bachelor degrees can apply.
　　例如，本科生海归也可申请上海户口。
　　Some students have to adjust their overseas study plans according to the new rules.
　　一些学生不得不根据新政来调整自己的留学计划。
　　Chen Xiao, 23, studied English literature at Westminster University in the UK last December. She had to adjust her schedule of coming back.
　　去年12月，23岁的陈潇（音译）正就读于威斯敏斯特大学英国文学专业。她不得不调整了自己的归国日程。
　　“When I consulted officials in the Overseas Student Service in China last month, they told me that I should stay 360 days overseas,” she said. “They will check my entry and exit dates and one day less than the required days can deny me the right to apply for a hukou in Shanghai.”
　　“我上个月咨询中国留学服务中心的工作人员时，他们说我必须要出国留学满360天。”她说，“他们会检查我的出入境日期，哪怕比规定天数少一天，我都不能申请上海户口。”
　　The new rules also have influenced some students’ choice of careers and majors.
　　这一新规同时影响了部分学生对职业和专业的选择。
　　Chen Huanhuan, 20, is a junior majoring in clothing design at Beijing Institute of Clothing Technology. “I wished to study fashion in Paris or Milan, and then come back to the capital to launch my own studio, becoming an independent designer,” Chen said.
　　20岁的陈欢欢是北京服装学院服装设计专业的一名大三学生。她说：“我想去巴黎或米兰学习时装设计，然后回到北京开办自己的工作室，成为一名独立设计师。”
　　“But this policy means that if I want to get a local residence permit I have to be employed. Besides, high technology companies seldom desire a fashion graduate.”
　　“但这项新规意味着必须先找到工作才能拿到北京户口，而且，高科技公司很少招聘时装专业的毕业生。”
　　The tightening hukou policies may have created headaches for current and future returned overseas students. Experts say that, it means that students have to check the criteria list fully and take more factors into consideration before they go abroad.
　　逐渐收紧的户籍政策，可能会使得时下归国的和未来打算回国的留学生们感到头疼。专家表示，这意味着学生必须仔细核对政策中列出的所有标准，并在出国前考虑到更多因素。
　　“Hukou policies could only get stricter year after year. Make sure you meet the updated requirements,” explained An Yuxiang, deputy director of the Overseas Student Service at the Ministry of Education.
　　“户籍政策只可能会一年比一年严格。一定要确保你自己符合最新的要求。”教育部留学服务中心副主任安玉祥解释说。
　　“And it’s always better to study a major which can better help you launch job in a company with the collective hukou quota.”
　　“最好是能够选对专业，这样可以帮助你在一些提供集体户口名额的单位里找到工作。”
　　He suggested returnee students should not flock to the big cities. Second-tier cities provide a much better platform and preferential hukou policy to attract students.
　　他建议归国学生不要一味地蜂拥进大城市；为吸引归国留学生，一些二线城市提供了更好的平台和更为优惠的落户政策。
　　In Nanning, Guangxi, returnees can enjoy tax cuts if they start their own business.
　　例如在广西南宁，归国留学生可享受创业减税的优惠政策。