2014年公共英语四级考试核心语法讲解(8)

2014-04-25 20:18:00来源:网络

  (一)公共英语四级 直接引语和间接引语

  引述别人的话,如果照原话重复,称为直接引语;直接引语要加引号。如果用引述者的话转述说话的内容,称为间接引语;间接引语不加引号。 如:

  直接引语 "I will try a seven time," cried Bruce."

  间接引语 "Bruce said that he would try a seventh time."

  1. 在把陈述句由直接引语变为间接引语时要注意以下几点:

  (1) 时态要一致。如:

  She said:"They are very fond of sports."

  She said that they were very fond of sports.

  (2)人称代词和物主代词要作相应的调整:如:

  "I've just got a letter from my sister," Jane said.

  Jane said she had just got a letter from her sister.

  (3) 某些时间和地点状语要作相应的调整:

  Joe said:"I arrived yesterday(this morning, two days ago)."

  Joe said he arrived the day before(that morning, two days before).

  2. 在把特殊疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时,除了要把时态、代词、状语作相应的调整外,还要注意把问句的语序改为陈述句语序。 如:

  "What are you looking for, Tom?" Anne asked.

  Anne asked Tom what he was looking for.

  3. 在把一般疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时,除了上述各点外,还要注意在间接引语前用连词whether或if。如:

  "Have you finished reading the book,George?" Betty asked.

  Betty asked whether(if) George had finished reading the book.

  4. 在把祈使句由直接引语变为间接引语时,要用ask,tell,order等词,三者代表不同的口气(请求、让步、命令),如何选用要根据原话口气决定。 如:

  "Don't be late again, Frank," the teacher said.

  The teacher told Frank not to be late again.

  (二) 公共英语四级破折号的用法

  1. 破折号用来表示思想上突然的中断或转移。 如:

  I assure you that I-but you would not understand.我向你保证我-可你不会理解的。(表示思想的突然中断)

  2. 有时与括号相似,但不如括号正式。 如:Mary comes every week -on Tuesday-to help with the laundry.玛丽每个星期-每星期二-都来帮忙洗衣服。

  3. 破折号常用来表示句子没有结束。 如:The little boy counted one,two,three,four-and then stopped. 小男孩数了一、二、三、四-然后停住了。

  4. 破折号有时表示附加或补充。 如:The gave him a new camera for Christmas-and a film to go with it.他们给了他一架新照相机作为圣诞礼物-还带有一卷胶卷。

  5. 破折号有时用来解释上文。 如:He bought a house just outside the town-a magnificent building. 他在紧靠城外买了一栋房子-一栋豪华的建筑。

  6. 破折号有时相当于冒号,但不如冒号正式。 如:He has only one interest-music.他只有一项兴趣-音乐。


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