2015年成人英语三级阅读理解因果条件题解题方法

2015-05-05 16:32:00来源：网络

　　(一)原因题型

　　原因通常成为考点，它的主要出现方式如下。

　　1.段落(含首段)第一句如果表达一种因果关系，通常为考点。

　　2.文章中细节性的因果关系――通常由一些表示因果关系的词汇手段表达。

　　(1)表示因果关系的名词：basis(根据)，result，consequence，reason;

　　(2)表示因果关系的动词：result in(结果)，result from(由于，由……)，follow from(……结果)，base…on…(以……为基础)，be due to(由于);

　　(3)表示因果关系的连词或介词：because，since，for，as，therefore，so，thus， why，with;

　　(4)表示因果关系的副词：as a result，consequently等。

　　(二)条件题型

　　条件关系通常也是考点，它的主要出现方式如下。

　　1.以when、if、as等连词引导的条件从句。

　　2.文章中细节性的条件关系――通常由一些表示条件关系的词汇手段表达：如 depend upon(取决于)，determine(决定)等。

　　例1

　　Where do pesticides(杀虫剂)fit into the picture of environmental disease? We have seen that they now pollute soil, water, and food, that they have the power to make our streams fishless and our gardens and woodlands silent and birdless. Man, however much he may like to pretend the contrary, is part of nature. Can he escape a pollution that is now so thoroughly distributed throughout our world? We know that even single exposures to these chemicals, if the amount is large enough, can cause ex-tremely severe poisoning. But this is not the major problem. The sudden illness or death of farmers, farm workers, and others exposes to sufficient quantities of pesti-cides is very sad and should not occur. For the population as a whole, we must be more concerned with the delayed effects of absorbing small amounts of the pesticides that invisibly pollute our world.

　　Responsible public health officials have pointed out that the biological effects of chemicals are cumulative(积累的)over long periods of time, and that the danger to the individual may depend on the sum of the exposures received throughout his life-time. For these very reasons the danger is easily ignored. It is human nature to shake off what may seem to us a threat of future disaster. "Men are naturally mo.st impressed by diseases which have obvious signs,"says a wise physician, Dr. Rene Dubos, "yet some of their worst enemies slowly approach them unnoticed. "

　　People tend to ignore the delayed effects of exposure to chemicals because

　　A. limited exposure to them does little harm to people's health

　　B. the present is more important for them than the future

　　C. the danger does not become apparent immediately

　　D. humans are capable of withstanding small amounts of poisoning

　　这道题考点涉及原因。如果阅读时圈划了有关因果关系提示词，这道题就比较容易做了。因果关系提示词在第二段第二句：For these very reasons the danger is easily ignored.由此可知本段的前部为答案所在：化学制品的生物作用是长期积累的结果;化学制品对人危害的大小取决于人一生中接收的剂量的多少。C项： “化学制品的危害没有立即显现出来”表达的正是这个意思，所以是正确答案。

　　例2

　　It is likely that the dispute regarding flats versus(对，对抗)individual houses will continue to rage on for a long time as far as Britain is concerned. And it is unfortunate that there should be hot feelings on both sides whenever this subject is raised. Those who oppose the building of flats base their case primarily on the assumption(设想)that everyone prefers an individual home and garden and on the high cost per unit of accommodation. The latter ignores the higher cost of providing full services to a scat- tered community and the cost in both money and time of the journeys to work for the suburban resident.

　　Some people oppose the building of flats because

　　A. the living expenses for each individual family are higher

　　B. it involves higher cost compared with the building of houses

　　C. they believe people like to live in houses with gardens

　　D. the disposal of rubbish remains a problem for those living in flats

　　这道题考点同样涉及原因。根据题干中的关键词组0ppose the building of flats定位到含有原因表达法(base…on，意为“以……为根据”)的相关句：Those who oppose the building of flats base their case primarily on the assumption(设想)that everyone prefers an individual home and garden and on the high cost per unit of accommodation.反对建公寓的人最主要的根据是，人们都喜欢独居于带花园的住房中，由此可知C项为正确答案。

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