2022年上海高级口译练习：林巍·《日本人的“耻感文化”》

2022-05-15 20:54:00来源：网络

　　上海高级口译相对来说难度更大，对于基础和中级口译来说，上海高级口译考察大家英语知识点会更广泛。这对于大家来说是备考的难点。那么在实际的备考中，这部分内容应该如何进行积累学习呢?下面小编为大家整理了“2022年上海高级口译练习：林巍·《日本人的“耻感文化”》”，让我们一起来看看吧!

　　据说，日本人最善于从别人的角度考虑问题，因而也最在意别人对自己怎样看。我在日本生活时，有位朋友，下了班还没回家，在我们这里耗着，聊天，我问他为什么，他说回去早了怕邻居笑话，因为那说明他在公司没事干了，或者不够卖力气。

　　日本社会自古以来，便有“惜名”和“知耻”的行为规范，是用以维系主从关系的“体面”或“脸面”。在受了侮辱或被冤枉，或被喜欢的女人抛弃后，就会觉得“没面子”，便要不惜一切去“争面子”。

　　这种“名”和“耻”的意识，构成了日本人思维方式的一大特色。较之个人的自觉意识，日本人更重视现实周围的人伦关系，由此又形成了他们对于“名”和“耻”的格外敏感性。

　　如果说，西方的基督教文化是一种“罪感文化”，那么日本的集体主义文化便是一种“耻感文化”。罪感的基础，建立在人的内在道德标准上;耻感的制约，则来自外部的强大压力。然而，一旦没有了这种压力(如外出旅行等)，他们的表现又会判若两人。

　　罪责可以通过忏悔来赎过，而耻辱只会一层层更加蒙羞，即日语所说的“耻の上涂り”坦白了便更加耻辱。因而，在日本常常见到这样一种现象，就是日本人没有过错时(如并没有踩到你的脚)会口口声声地道歉，而一旦犯了错误，反而不道歉了。

　　日本人的害羞也是有名的，如女人的厕所间通常有似水的音乐伴随，以避免让人听到后尴尬(因在同一厕所间的外边通常是男人的小便池)。然而，让人吊诡的是，日本人可以一家人男女老少三代人一起洗澡，这在中国人(或其他国家的人)看来很是难为情，但日本人却对此不但毫无耻感，反而觉得非常亲近，“赤城相见”。

　　当然，将世界上的文化划分为“耻感文化”和“罪感文化”未免过于简单化了：两种文化的存在并不是绝对而孤立的，不过是以哪一种为主罢了。

　　TheJapanese Shame Culture

　　Lin Wei

　　It is said that the Japanese aregood at putting themselves in others’ shoes, caring very much about how otherpeople view them. When I was in Japan, a friend of mine came to us after work,chatting and dawdling away his time. When asked why he was reluctant to go homeearlier, he said he didn’t want rumoring by his neighbors that he was an earlyhome-comer or a lazy worker.

　　Since ancient times, “name” and “shame”have been stable rules of behavior in Japanese society, regulatingprincipal-subordinate relations in terms of maintaining “face”. After losingface from humiliation, mistreatment or being dumped by a lover, one shouldfight to regain it at all costs.

　　The super-sensibility of “name”and “shame” characterizes Japanese thinking, with Japanese culture paying farmore attention to peripheral human relations than self-consciousness. In thissense, it is a sensitive culture.

　　Christian culture in the West isdeemed to be a guilt culture based on a person’s internal moral standard; whilecollectivist culture in Japan is a shame culture which relies on externalsanction. Once the pressure of this sanction is gone, such as during a journey,a Japanese may behave like a totally different person.

　　While guilt may be redeemed byrepentance, shame can only be increased by admission, as a Japanese sayinggoes, “haji no uwanuri” (confession increases shame). It is therefore notsurprising to see a phenomenon in Japan where a Japanese may constantlyapologize to you when nothing happens (such as he didn’t step on your toe), butonce he did make a mistake, he might just quietly turn away due to shame.

　　Japanese are usually consideredto be highly sensitive to shame, such as in ladies toilets where a piece ofriver-flowing music is gently played to avoid embarrassment since male’surinals are normally nearby in the same toilet. However, in contrast, Japanesefamily members of three generations, including males and females, can bathtogether. The practice that the Japanese take for granted as an intimate familyroutine may embarrass Chinese and other nations’ families.

　　However, dividing cultures of theworld into a dichotomy of “shame culture” and “guilt culture” is a bitover-simplified. In fact, the two cultures overlap, but each has its dominantfeature.

　　(林巍译)

　　以上就是为大家整理的“2022年上海高级口译练习：林巍·《日本人的“耻感文化”》”，希望大家能够更好的学习上海高级口译，取得理想的成绩。

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