英语介词用法:介词to与for引出间接宾语时所搭配的动词

2023-09-19 08:41:06来源:新东方在线

介词tofor引出间接宾语时所搭配的动词

两者都可以引出间接宾语,但要根据不同的动词分别选用介词 to 或 for,具体应注意以下三种情况:

1. 在 give, pass, hand, lend, send, tell, bring, show, pay, read, return, write, offer, teach, throw 等之后接介词 to。如:

Please give me a dictionary. =Please give a dictionary to me. 请给我一本词典。

Please pass me the salt. =Please pass the salt to me. 请把盐递给我。

He handed her his drink. =He handed his drink to her. 他把他的饮料递给她。

Send him some.=Send some to him. 送一些给他。

Bring me a glass of water.=Bring a glass of water for me. 给我倒杯水来。

We have sent him a telegram.=We have sent a telegram to him. 我们已给他发了一份电报。

Please lend me this book for a week. = Please lend this book to me for a week. 请把这本书借给我一星期。

Throw me the ball.=Throw the ball to me. 把球扔给我。

Please show me your photo.=Please show your photo to me. 请给我看看你的照片。

Show her some kindness.=Show some kindness to her. 对她客气些。

I paid him the money.=I paid the money to him. 我将钱付给了他。

Please read me the letter.= Please read the letter to me. 请把信念给我听。

Please write me the result.=Please write the result to me. 请把结果写给我。

He wrote her some letters.=He wrote some letters to her. 他给她写了几封信。

He offered her his chair.=He offered his chair to her. 他把他的椅子给她坐。

He teaches the children maths.=He teach maths to the children. 他教孩子们学数学。

2. 在 buy, make, get, order, cook, sing, fetch, play, find, paint, choose, prepare, spare 等之后用介词 for 。如:

Will you get me a ticket?=Will you get a ticket for me? 你能为我弄张票吗?

My uncle bought me an English dictionary.=My uncle bought an English dictionary for me. 我叔叔为我买了本英语词典。

She cooked us some potatoes. =She cooked some potatoes for us. 她给我们煮了些土豆。

He sang us an English song.=He sang an English song for us. 他为我们唱了首英语歌。

Please find me the keys. = Please find the keys for me. 请帮我把钥匙找到。

Can you spare me a few minutes?=Can you spare a few minutes for me? 能耽搁你几分钟吗 (即你能为我抽出几分钟吗)?

Fetch me the dictionary.=Fetch the dictionary for me. 给我把那本字典拿来。

He chose me a nice present.=He chose a nice present for me. 他为我选了件漂亮的礼物。

Mother is preparing a meal for us.=Mother is preparing us a meal. 母亲在给我们准备饭菜。

3. 有的动词由于用法和含义不同,用介词 to 或 for 都是可能的。如:

do sb a favour=do a favour for sb 帮某人的忙

do sb harm=do harm to sb 对某人有害

在有的情况下,可能既不用for 也不用 to,而用其他的介词。如:

play sb a trick=play a trick on sb 作弄某人

请比较:

play sb some folk songs=play some folk songs for sb 给某人演奏民歌

有时同一个动词,由于用法不同,所搭配的介词也可能不同,如 leave sb sth 这一结构,若表示一般意义的为某人留下某物,则用介词 for 引出间接宾语,即说 leave sth for sb;若表示某人死后遗留下某物,则用介词 to 引出间接宾语,即说 leave sth to sb。如:

Would you like to leave him a message? / Would you like to leave a message for him? 你要不要给他留个话?

Her father left her a large fortune. / Her father left a large fortune to her. 她父亲死后给她留下了一大笔财产。

听乔迪老师的课程,掌握五大基础句型

  学习英语介词的经验可以概括为以下几点

  1. 上下文学习:英语介词通常不能脱离上下文独立理解。例如,"on" 可以表示在某个表面上,也可以表示关于某个话题,还可以表示在某个特定时刻。因此,最好在实际语境中学习和理解它们。

  2. 学习搭配:许多英语介词都有固定的搭配方式。例如,“rely on”表示依赖,“concentrate on”表示专注于等等。学会这些搭配能使你的英语更自然流畅。

  3. 练习使用:像其他语言技能一样,理解了介词的用法并不意味着能够正确使用它们。最好通过写作和口语练习来强化你的理解。

  4. 使用在线资源:网络上有许多资源可以帮助你学习英语介词,例如在线词典、学习网站、YouTube视频等。

  5. 制作卡片:在卡片上写下介词和它们的用法,这是一个有效的记忆方法。每天花几分钟复习这些卡片,可以帮你记住介词及其用法。

  6. 阅读和听力:阅读英文文章或听英文歌曲、看英文电影等都可以在实际中接触到介词的用法,有助于加深理解和记忆。

  7. 保持耐心:学习英语介词需要时间和练习,所以别着急,要持之以恒。

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