内容简介
一位听众来信询问有关名词单复数的问题:为什么有些名词总是以复数的形式出现,比方说,“subtitles(字幕)” 和 “clothes(衣服)”?单词 “audience(观众)” 的复数形式 “audiences” 又该如何正确使用?本期节目介绍讲解哪些名词通常以复数形式出现,以及 “audience(观众)” 这个词作可数名词和不可数名词时的用法区别。
文字稿
(关于台词的备注: 请注意这不是广播节目的逐字稿件。本文稿可能没有体现录制、编辑过程中对节目做出的改变。)
Buli
大家好,欢迎收听 BBC 英语教学的 “你问我答” 节目。I'm Buli.
Georgie
And I'm Georgie. We've got a question from one of our listeners.
Question
I'm confused about some plural nouns. Why do we only hear some nouns in their plural form, like 'subtitles' and 'clothes'. I'd also like to know when to use 'audience' versus 'audiences'.
Buli
这位来信的听众想知道为什么有些名词总是以复数的形式出现,比方说,“subtitles(字幕)” 和 “clothes(衣服)”;另外,“audience(观众)” 这个词什么时候可以使用其复数形式 “audiences”,什么时候则不能呢?
Georgie
This is a good question! It can be confusing because sometimes it's about whether the noun is countable or uncountable, but other times there's more nuance. Let's talk about 'subtitles' first.
Buli
“Subtitle” 的意思是 “字幕”。它一个是可数名词,但它通常以复数的形式出现。因为在电影、电视等视频节目中,字幕通常是由连续的多组文字构成的,所以我们在英语表达中一般用复数形式 “subtitles” 指代它。“Subtitles” 的意思可以是 “一条、一组字幕”,也可以是 “多条或多组字幕”。
Georgie
We rarely talk about a singular 'subtitle', although it's not impossible! You might use the singular form when you refer to a specific line, for example "That subtitle in the introduction was poorly translated." Let's hear more examples.
Examples
Can you put the subtitles on? I can't hear very well.
(你可以把字幕打开吗?我听不太清。)
The movie offers subtitles in several languages.
(这部电影提供多种语言的字幕。)
Buli
除了 “subtitles(字幕)”,在英语里总是以复数形式出现的名词还有很多。比如,“clothes(衣服)”、“scissors(剪刀)” 和 “glasses(眼镜)” 等等。
Georgie
Yes. 'Clothes' refers to a collection of items you wear on your body. You wouldn't say 'a clothe' to refer to one item, you'd most likely specify the item, for example 'a T-shirt' or 'a dress'.
Buli
“Clothes(衣服)” 指的是 “穿在身上的一系列衣物”。我们不能用 “a clothe” 来指代 “某个单品”,而需要使用具体的名称。比如,“a T-shirt(一件T恤)” 或者 “a dress(一条裙子)”。
Georgie
'Scissors' refers to the two blades used to cut something – they are fixed together to make the tool. So, even though 'scissors' is just one tool, we add an 's'. Same with 'glasses' that people wear to see better. Glasses come as a pair to cover two eyes. If someone offered you 'a glass', you would probably expect a cup to drink with, not something to see better with!
Buli
是的,“scissors(剪刀)” 是由两个刀片组成的,所以它也总是以复数形式出现;“glasses(眼镜)” 也是如此,因为每副眼镜一般都有两个镜片。这种由两个相同的部分组成的物件,一般都是以复数形式出现。而且,我们通常会用 “a pair of(一副、一把)” 来搭配这些名词一起使用。下面请听两个例句。
Examples
I need a new pair of glasses. Mine just broke.
(我需要一副新眼镜,我的眼镜刚刚坏了。)
The kids are making a rocket ship out of cardboard. Can you pass us another pair of scissors from the drawer?
(孩子们正在用硬纸板制作一艘火箭飞船。你能从抽屉里再给我们拿一把剪刀吗?)
Buli
接下来,我们来看看 “audience” 在表达 “观众” 这个意思时应该用作可数还是不可数名词的问题。其实 “audience” 是一个集合名词,指 “观看演出或比赛的全部观众”,所以它通常应该使用单数形式 “audience”;但是,当它指的是 “在不同地点或时间观看演出或比赛的观众,或全部观众中的某一部分” 时,我们就会使用 “audience” 的复数形式 “audiences”。
Georgie
That's right. If we're watching a play or concert, and we say "The audience was excited.", we're referring to multiple people, but the word 'audience' is a collective noun, and is treated as uncountable – that's why we use 'was' and not 'were'. See if you can hear the difference in the following examples.
Examples
The audience clapped at the end of the performance.
(演出结束后,观众们鼓起了掌。)
The musician attracted large audiences at every stop on her tour.
(这位音乐家在她巡演的每一站都吸引了大量的观众。)
Buli
我们来总结一下。当名词实际上指一系列物品,或者是以成双成对的形式存在的物品时,那么这些名词通常以复数的形式出现。比如,“subtitles(字幕)”、“clothes(衣服)”、“scissors(剪刀)” 和 “glasses(眼镜)”。“Audience” 是集合名词,指 “观看演出或比赛的全部观众”;但是,当它指的是 “在不同地点或时间观看演出或比赛的观众,或全部观众中的某一部分” 时,我们就会使用 “audience” 的复数形式 “audiences”。
Georgie
Remember, if you have a question about the English language you'd like to ask us, please send us an email. Our email address is: questions.chinaelt@bbc.co.uk
Buli
你也可以通过微博向我们提问。我们的微博账号是 “BBC英语教学”。Bye, everyone.
Georgie
Bye!