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正确使用标点符号:逗号、分号和冒号

分享到: 2025-01-17 10:31:14 BBC英语教学

摘要:正确使用标点符号:逗号、分号和冒号

你问我答

正确使用标点符号:逗号、分号和冒号

内容简介

标点符号 “punctuation” 是语言书写中非常重要的部分,它可以帮助我们明确语句的意思和结构,减少或消除歧义。在本期 “你问我答” 节目中,主持人 Beth 和步理就将回答观众提出的关于如何正确使用逗号 “comma”、分号 “semicolon” 和冒号 “colon” 的问题。

文字稿

(关于台词的备注: 请注意这不是广播节目的逐字稿件。本文稿可能没有体现录制、编辑过程中对节目做出的改变。)

Beth
Hello and welcome to Question and Answer of the Week. I'm Beth.

Buli
And I'm Buli. 本期的 “你问我答” 节目中,我和 Beth 要来回答下面这个问题。

Question
你好,请问英语中如何正确地使用逗号、分号和冒号等标点符号?

Beth
Good question! There are some basic rules when it comes to punctuation in English, though people do use it differently because sometimes there can be more than one correct option.

Buli
本期节目中我们就来通过一些例子为大家讲解逗号 “comma”、分号 “semicolon” 和冒号 “colon” 这三种标点符号的使用要点。

Beth
First, a comma can be used to separate clauses. A comma comes after a clause before another one is added. A clause is a group of words that have a subject and a verb.

Buli
首先我们来看看逗号。在并列句和复合句中,我们可以用逗号来分隔主句和不同的从句。就比如:“After hearing about the party, she bought a dress.(在听说这个聚会之后,她买了一条连衣裙。)” 这个复合句采用了倒装结构,包含一个状语从句 “after hearing about the party” 和主句 “she bought a dress”,因此在主句前的停顿处需要有一个逗号。

Beth
Yes, the first clause is a subordinate clause, 'After hearing about the party', and it needs a main clause to make sense, 'she bought a dress'. This main clause can function as a sentence on its own.

Buli
除此之外,在并列句中的每一个简单句之间也可以用逗号进行分隔。在并列句中,逗号通常位于 “and”、“but”、“or”、“so” 或 “yet” 等并列连词前。来听一组例句,注意例句中逗号前后的句子关系。

Examples
He loves reading, and he even writes novels in his spare time.
(他酷爱读书,他甚至在空闲时间自己写小说。)

She forgot to set her alarm, so she overslept and was late for the meeting.
(她忘记定闹钟,结果她睡过了头,开会也迟到了。)

Beth
A comma is also used when separating non-defining relative clauses. These are clauses with extra information that isn't necessary for distinguishing the thing we are talking about.

Buli
是的。逗号的另外一种用法是在句子中分隔非限定性定语从句。非限定性定语从句是一种用于修饰主句中的名词或代词的从句。和限定性定语从句相比,非限定性定语从句在句子中并不是必要成分,被去掉之后句子的意思依然是完整的。比如说:“My sister, who lives in Denmark, is visiting for the weekend.(我住在丹麦的妹妹这周末要来看我。)” 这个句子中的 “who lives in Denmark” 就是修饰 “my sister” 的非限定性定语从句,因此需要在从句前后用逗号和主句隔开。来听一组例句,注意非限定性定语从句和主句之间的逗号。

Examples
These phones, which are made in France, are very good quality.
(这些在法国生产的电话质量非常好。)

My friends introduced me to my husband, who I liked immediately!
(我和我丈夫是通过朋友介绍认识的,当时我一下子就喜欢上她了!)

Beth
We also follow some adverbs with a comma, especially when they come at the beginning of a sentence.

Buli
是的。我们也会在一些副词后添加逗号,特别是位于句首起强调作用的副词。来听一组例句,注意句子中逗号的位置。

Examples
Basically, you only need to make one call. It's not that hard.
(其实你只需要打一个电话就行。这并不难。)

Amazingly, the shot missed every player on its way into the goal.
(惊人的是,这发射门避开了所有球员进了球门。)

Buli
接下来,我们来看看分号的使用方法。

Beth
Semicolons can be used when the writer thinks two clauses or sentences are so closely related that they can't be separated by a full stop.

Buli
没错。分号通常用于连接两个联系非常紧密,有时不能用句号分成两个整句的句子。需要注意的是,用分号分隔的句子间通常没有 “and” 或 “or” 等连接词,这是分号和逗号在分隔并列句时的不同点。

Beth
If you're not sure when to use it in this way, replace the semicolon with 'and' or a full stop, and if it still makes sense, it's OK to use it, as long as you believe the clauses are closely related in meaning. Listen to these examples.

Examples
The Sun set quickly; the city was bathed in moonlight.
(太阳很快落下了山;整座城市沐浴在月光下。)

We love musicals; SIX is our favourite.
(我们爱看音乐剧;“六个皇后”是我们最喜欢的音乐剧。)

Buli
通过上面的例子我们可以看出,分号的使用有时并没有唯一的正确答案。我们需要在使用时具体考虑想要表达的意思和句子的节奏。最后,让我们来看看冒号的用法。冒号通常用于引出一系列东西,特别是条目清晰的列表或者关键点等等。来听一个例句,注意句子中冒号的位置。

Example
For the camping trip you need to bring: a tent, a sleeping bag, a packed lunch, walking boots and waterproof clothes.
(露营旅行你需要带上这些东西:一顶帐篷、一个睡袋、一份打包好的午餐、徒步靴和防水衣物。)

Beth
We can also use colons to connect sentences where the end of a statement needs to introduce an explanation or quote.

Buli
冒号也通常用于在句尾引出引语或者说明,并且在新闻标题中非常常见。来听一组例句,注意冒号的位置。

Examples
Our favourite rock band break up: Five years on
(我们最喜欢的摇滚乐团解散:五年过去)

The rules are clear: treat others with respect.
(规则很明确:人应尊重彼此。)

Buli
本期节目中我们学习了英语里逗号、分号和冒号的具体用法。虽然能正确地使用标点符号是一项十分重要的写作能力,但英语中标点符号的使用并不总是有唯一的正确答案。通过使用标点符号把意思表达清楚,避免让读者产生歧义是最重要的。

Beth
Remember, if you have a question about the English language you'd like to ask us, please send us an email. Our email address is: questions.chinaelt@bbc.co.uk

Buli
你也可以通过微博向我们提问。我们的微博账号是 “BBC英语教学”。Bye, everyone.

Beth
Bye!

责任编辑:weisen