2025年陕西专升本英语常考语法结构

　　对于志在陕西专升本的同学们而言，英语是一门举足轻重的学科，因此掌握常考语法结构则是攻克英语难关的关键钥匙。陕西专升本英语常考语法结构如下，25年的考生可提前做一个参考，在考前好好记忆。

　　01时态和语态

　　一般现在时：表示经常发生的动作或存在的状态，常与 always、usually、often、sometimes 等频率副词连用。如：I often go to school by bike.

　　一般过去时：表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常与 yesterday、last week、ago 等时间状语连用。如：He visited his grandparents last weekend.

　　现在进行时：表示现在正在进行的动作，由 be 动词(am/is/are)+ 动词的现在分词构成。如：She is reading a book now.

　　过去进行时：表示过去某个时刻或时间段正在进行的动作，由 was/were + 动词的现在分词构成。如：I was watching TV at 8 o'clock last night.

　　现在完成时：表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与 already、yet、just、ever、never 等副词连用。如：I have already finished my homework.

　　过去完成时：表示在过去某个时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即 “过去的过去”，由 had + 动词的过去分词构成。如：When I got to the station, the train had already left.

　　一般将来时：表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，常用 will + 动词原形或 be going to + 动词原形。如：I will go to Beijing next week.

　　被动语态：基本结构为 be + 过去分词，不同时态的被动语态形式不同，如一般现在时的被动语态是 am/is/are + 过去分词;一般过去时的被动语态是 was/were + 过去分词等。如：The book was written by him.02主谓一致语法一致原则：主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式;主语为复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式。如：The boy plays basketball every day. The boys play basketball every day.

　　意义一致原则：主语形式为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数形式;主语形式为复数，但意义为单数，谓语动词用单数形式。如：The police are looking for the lost child. Five years is a long time.

　　就近一致原则：由 or、either...or...、neither...nor...、not only...but also... 等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语。如：Neither you nor I am wrong.

　　就远一致原则：当主语后面跟有 with、together with、along with、as well as、including、rather than 等短语时，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于前面的主语。如：The teacher together with his students is going to the park.03非谓语动词动词不定式：可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语等。如：To see is to believe.(作主语和表语)I want to go shopping.(作宾语)

　　动名词：具有名词的性质，可作主语、宾语、表语等。如：Swimming is good for health.(作主语)I enjoy reading books.(作宾语)

　　现在分词：表示主动和进行的含义，可作定语、状语、表语和补语等。如：The running boy is my brother.(作定语)He sat there, reading a book.(作状语)

　　过去分词：表示被动和完成的含义，可作定语、状语、表语和补语等。如：The broken window was repaired by him.(作定语)Given more time, I can do it better.(作状语)04各种从句名词性从句：包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句，在句中分别作主句的主语、宾语、表语和同位语。如：What he said is true.(主语从句)I don't know where he is.(宾语从句)The problem is that we don't have enough time.(表语从句)The news that he won the first prize made us excited.(同位语从句)

　　定语从句：在句中作定语，修饰名词或代词，分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。

　　如：The boy who is standing there is my brother.(限制性定语从句)I like reading books, which can enrich my knowledge.(非限制性定语从句)

　　状语从句：在句中作状语，可表示时间、地点、原因、条件、让步、比较、方式等。如：When I got home, my mother was cooking.(时间状语从句)If it rains tomorrow, we won't go to the park.(条件状语从句)05虚拟语气用于条件句中：表示与现在事实相反，从句用一般过去时(be 动词用 were)，主句用 would/could/might + 动词原形;表示与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时，主句用 would/could/might+have + 过去分词;表示与将来事实相反，从句用一般过去时或 were to + 动词原形或 should + 动词原形，主句用 would/could/might + 动词原形。如：If I were you, I would go at once. If he had come yesterday, he would have seen her. If it should rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.

　　用于其他情况：如在表示建议、命令、要求等的动词后的宾语从句中，以及在 It is + 形容词 / 名词 + (that) 从句等结构中，从句常用 “(should) + 动词原形”。如：I suggest that he (should) go there at once. It is necessary that we (should) learn English well.06特殊句式结构倒装句：分为全部倒装和部分倒装。全部倒装是将整个谓语动词提到主语之前，如：There goes the bell. 部分倒装是将助动词、be 动词或情态动词提到主语之前，如：Never have I seen such a beautiful place.

　　强调句：基本结构为 It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 其他部分。如：It was he who helped me yesterday.

　　省略句：在一定的语境中，为了避免重复或使句子更加简洁，会省略一些成分。如：He is taller than I (am).