内容简介
一位听众最近苦恼于自己的英语口语表达过于正式,听起来像是在念稿子。比如,“我要去参加一场英语会话课”,比起英语母语者说的 “I'm going to an English event with my classmates.” 这位听众认为自己说的 “I am going to participate in an English communication activity with my classmates.” 就不够简洁。那么,怎么让我们的口语表达更加轻松自然?听节目,跟主持人 Beth 和步理学习让口语听起来更加自然的方法。
文字稿
(关于台词的备注: 请注意这不是广播节目的逐字稿件。本文稿可能没有体现录制、编辑过程中对节目做出的改变。)
Beth
Hello and welcome to Question and Answer of the Week. I'm Beth.
Buli
And I'm Buli. 本期节目中我们要来回答下面这个问题。
Question
我最近觉得自己的英语总使用太正式或书面化的表达,听起来像在背书,比如想说 “我要和同学参加一个英语交流活动”,我会说 “I am going to participate in an English communication activity with my classmates.” 但我发现母语者可能会说 “I'm going to an English event with my classmates.” 能否提供一些英语中简化、自然表达的建议?
Beth
I like this question! We have lots of advice and examples for you, don't we Buli?
Buli
We do indeed! We're going to start by listening to someone talking about a conversation class. 这个问题非常有意思,我们也准备了一些实际生活中的例子来和大家分享。首先我们来听一段某人对一节课程的描述。大家可以边听边思考一个问题:你认为这段话听起来更严肃还是更活泼呢?
Insert
Are you participating in the conversation class later? If you require any help with speaking, the teacher is really friendly. Observe the timetable, and see if you're free. In addition, you don't have to pay! Notwithstanding, I'll be there. It commences at 3pm.
(你稍后会参加会话课程吗?如果你需要任何口语方面的帮助,这位老师都非常乐意帮忙。仔细浏览一下时间表看看你是否有时间。再者,你不需要支付任何费用!总之,我也会参加。这堂课下午三点开始。)
Beth
OK. That was formal. Let's listen to the equivalent with everyday English now.
Insert
Are you going to the conversation class later? If you need any help with speaking, the teacher's really friendly. Look at the timetable, and see if you're free. Also, you don't have to pay! Anyway, I'll be there. It starts at 3.
(你稍后会去上会话课吗?如果你需要口语方面的帮助,这位老师非常乐意帮忙。看下时间表,看你是否有时间。还有,上这个课你不需要付钱!总之,我也会参加。这堂课三点开始。)
Buli
在上面的两段话中,第一段比第二段听上去更加严肃和正式。这是因为这两段话使用的词汇有所不同。让我们先来看看其中动词的区别。
Beth
English has a lot of verbs that have a formal and informal version. Sometimes these are phrasal verbs, but some are just simpler verbs that are more common in speaking than their written equivalents.
Buli
在第一段话中,我们可以注意到两对意思相同、语气上有所不同的动词:表达 “参加,参与” 的 “participate” 和 “going to”,以及表达 “需要,需求” 的 “require” 和 “need”。让我们再听一遍。
Examples
Are you participating in the conversation class later?
(你稍后会参加会话课程吗?)
Are you going to the conversation class later?
(你稍后会去上会话课吗?)
If you require any help with speaking, the teacher is really friendly.
(如果你需要任何口语方面的帮助,这位老师都非常乐意帮忙。)
If you need any help with speaking, the teacher's really friendly.
(如果你需要口语方面的帮助,这位老师非常乐意帮忙。)
Beth
And 'observe' is more formal than 'look at', and 'commence' or 'initiate' is more formal than 'start'. Listen again.
Examples
Observe the timetable.
(仔细浏览一下时间表。)
Look at the timetable.
(看看时间表。)
It commences at 3pm.
(这堂课下午三点开始。)
It starts at 3.
(这堂课三点开始。)
Buli
通过替换一些意思相同但更口语化的动词,我们说的英语听起来就会更加自然。而且不仅仅是动词,将其它类型的词汇替换一下也有这样的效果,对不对?
Beth
Yes. There were also some linkers used in these extracts. We heard 'in addition' and 'notwithstanding'. Now these are both useful for writing, but they sound unnatural in speaking, even in formal settings like at work.
Buli
是的。连接词 “notwithstanding” 和 “in addition” 就像中文中的 “纵使” 和 “再者”,常用于书面写作中,但是在口语里就显得不太自然。就算是在正式场合中使用,比如办公会议等等,听上去也会有些生硬、不自然。
Beth
So, instead of 'in addition', we can say 'also', and instead of 'notwithstanding' we could say 'anyway'. Listen again.
Examples
In addition, you don't have to pay!
(再者,你还不需要付钱!)
Also, you don't have to pay!
(并且你还不需要付钱!)
Notwithstanding, I'll be there.
(总之,我也会参加。)
Anyway, I'll be there.
(总之,我也会参加。)
Buli
除了替换动词和连接词之外,还有其它能让你的英语说得更自然的方法,比如,适当地运用字母缩写和单词简写。
Beth
Yes. Earlier we heard '3pm' shortened to '3'. And we can shorten 'as soon as possible' to 'ASAP' or 'asap', 'television' to 'TV', and 'photograph' to 'photo'. Listen to these examples.
Examples
I hope you can come. Let me know ASAP!
(我希望你能来。请尽快告诉我!)
Let's put the TV on.
(咱们把电视打开吧。)
Buli
让我们总结一下本期节目的主要内容。我们在日常口语交流中,可以将书面化的动词替换成含义相同但语气更生活化的词汇,比如把 “(浏览)observe” 改为 “(看)look at”,把 “(着手做)commence” 改为 “(开始做)start”。在使用连接词时也是一样。比如,把书面化的 “(再者)in addition” 替换为口语化的 “(而且)also”。最后,适当运用单词简写和字母缩写也是让英语听起来更地道的方式之一。
Beth
Remember, if you have a question about the English language you'd like to ask us, please send us an email. Our email address is: questions.chinaelt@bbc.co.uk
Buli
你也可以通过微博向我们提问。我们的微博账号是 “BBC英语教学”。Bye, everyone.
Beth
Bye!