内容简介
在英语中,我们可以用 “hardly any”、“barely any” 和 “scarcely any” 这三个搭配来表示 “几乎没有”。比如,“I think there is hardly any issue with your report.” 的意思就是 “我认为你的报告几乎没有任何问题” 。不过,你知道为什么在这个句子中通常不用 “barely any” 或 “scarcely any” 吗?听节目,辨析这三个搭配的用法。
文字稿
(关于台词的备注: 请注意这不是广播节目的逐字稿件。本文稿可能没有体现录制、编辑过程中对节目做出的改变。)
Buli
大家好,欢迎收听 BBC 英语教学的 “你问我答” 节目。I'm Buli.
Georgie
And I'm Georgie. We have a question here from one of our listeners.
Question
Hi, I would like to know the difference between three expressions 'hardly any', 'barely any', and 'scarcely any'. I think they can all mean 'the quantity of something is close to zero', but can they be used interchangeably?
Georgie
Interesting! My first thought was that, yes, they can be used interchangeably. But when I think about it, there are some subtle differences in use and tone.
Buli
不错。在这个问题中提到了三个意思都是 “几乎没有” 的表达 “hardly any”、“barely any” 和 “scarcely any”。它们都可以用于表达 “某物的量已经趋近于零”。比如,我们可以说 “There's hardly any milk left in the fridge.” 意思就是 “冰箱里已经几乎没有牛奶了”,这说明 “我们的牛奶快用完了,很可能需要再出去再买一些” 。
Georgie
Right. And you could use any of the phrases in that sentence to mean the same thing. So, what's the difference?
Buli
首先,“hardly any” 是这三者中最常用,也是语气最为中性的表达。如果我们说 “there's hardly anything left(几乎什么都没剩下)”,那么这既可以是一件坏事也可以是一件好事。来听一组例句。
Examples
Lots of people go on holiday in the summer months, so there are hardly any people on public transport. It's much nicer!
(许多人都在夏季出门度假,所以这时候公共交通上几乎没什么人。这比平时好多了!)
I had people over for the weekend and now I've got hardly any food left in the fridge.
(我周末招待了一些客人,所以现在我的冰箱里几乎没剩下什么吃的了。)
Georgie
'Barely any' is also common in everyday conversation but usually has more of a negative tone. There's a sense that you wish there was more of something. Let's hear some examples.
Examples
I've got a presentation later this week and I have barely any time to prepare.
(我这周要做一个现场演示报告,但我几乎没有准备的时间。)
I've got barely any clean clothes to last this week. I need to do some laundry.
(我这周几乎没有几件干净衣服穿了。我需要洗衣服。)
Buli
上面的例句向我们展示了 “barely any” 在表达 “几乎没有” 这个含义时的使用要点,那就是它的语气相对负面,暗示 “要是这件东西再多一点就好了”。
最后,我们再来看看 “scarcely any”。“Scarcely any” 通常不用于日常对话,你更可能会在书面用语中见到和使用它,比如文学作品等等。我们来听两个例句。
Examples
There was scarcely any light coming through the cracks in the windows.
(窗户的裂缝中几乎透不进来任何光线。)
She had scarcely any memory of her time at school – it was all a blur.
(她对于校园时光几乎没有任何记忆,一切都是一片模糊。)
Georgie
Well Buli, we've got hardly any time left in this episode, so let's wrap up!
Buli
Of course, time to recap. 在日常使用中,我们通常用 “hardly any” 和 “barely any” 来表示 “几乎没有某物”。它们之间的区别在于,“barely any” 暗示了一种 “希望某物可以再多一点的遗憾”,而 “hardly any” 则没有这种暗示,可以用于描述任何 “几乎没有了” 的事物。而 “scarcely any” 的用法与以上两者都不同,通常只用在书面用语,比如文学作品当中。
Georgie
Remember, if you have a question that you'd like us to answer, you can email us too at questions.chinaelt@bbc.co.uk
Buli
你也可以通过微博向我们提问。我们的微博账号是 “BBC英语教学”。Bye!
Georgie
Goodbye!