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Hard skills 和 soft skills 通常指哪些技能

分享到: 2025-08-29 16:22:40 BBC英语教学

摘要:Hard skills 和 soft skills 通常指哪些技能

你问我答

Hard skills 和 soft skills 通常指哪些技能

内容简介

“Hard skills(硬技能)” 和 “soft skills(软技能)” 之间的区别真的在于 “硬度” 吗?其实不然。在个人发展和职场中,“hard skills” 通常指那些 “通过培训和学习获得的、可以用证书或学历证明的技能”,而 “soft skills” 则往往指的是 “个人的行事特点或完成工作的方法、思维或技巧”。听节目,跟主持人 Phil 和步理学习这两者之间的区别以及相关的英语知识。

文字稿

(关于台词的备注: 请注意这不是广播节目的逐字稿件。本文稿可能没有体现录制、编辑过程中对节目做出的改变。)

Buli
大家好,欢迎收听 BBC 英语教学的 “你问我答” 节目。I'm Buli.

Phil
And I'm Phil. We have a question from one of our listeners.

Question
人们常说的 “soft skills” 和 “hard skills” 具体到底指什么?

Phil
This is a great question – we often talk about hard skills and soft skills when we talk about what people need to apply for and do different jobs. So, let's look at what they are, starting with hard skills.

Buli
“Hard skills” 在中文里可以被称为 “硬技能”,意思就是 “通常由培训或学习得到的,可以明确定义或量化的技能”。通常人们在谈论硬技能时,指的是 “能通过证书、学历或学位等等证明的能力或技能”。

Phil
To learn new hard skills, you might take a course or training. You might also take an exam to get a recognised qualification. Listen to these examples of people talking about hard skills and related qualifications.

Examples
For this job, we need someone who can code in Python.
(我们需要一个能用 Python 语言编程的人来完成这项工作。)

We only accept people with an international English certificate for this role.
(我们只接受具有国际英语语言证书的人来做这份工作。)

You need a law degree to work as a lawyer.
(你需要有一个法律学位才能做律师。)

Buli
在上面的例句中出现的三种技能,“coding(计算机编程)”、“English(英语)” 和 “law(法律)” 都通常能以证书等方式证明能力水平,并且需要经过严格的培训或学习,因此可以被称为 “hard skills”。此外,人们经常用 “need(需要)”、“accept(接受)” 或 “require(要求)” 等动词来谈论 “hard skills”。

Phil
So, that's hard skills. Now let's talk about soft skills. These are a lot harder to define and are often related to your personal attributes or how you relate to other people.

Buli
和 “hard skills” 相比,“soft skills(软技能)” 往往指的是 “个人的行事特点或完成工作的方法、思维或技巧”。在一些语境中,它们也被称为 “non-technical skills(非技术技能)”。在英语中,常见的软技能包括 “initiative(主动性)”、“attention to detail(重视细节)”、“resilience(韧性)” 等个人层面的能力和 “communication skills(沟通技能)” 和 “leadership skills(领导能力)” 等人际层面的能力。

Phil
While it is possible to develop these skills and to attend courses, they are much harder to measure objectively than hard skills. However, this doesn't mean that they are not important. Some job application processes feature competency questions that ask you to give examples of when you've demonstrated these skills. Listen to these examples of people talking about soft skills.

Examples
Communication skills are important in most jobs.
(沟通技能对大多数工作来说都很重要。)

To be a nurse, you need to be a great listener.
(想要成为一名护士,你就需要善于倾听。)

Leadership skills are vital for any manager.
(领导能力对任何经理人来说都至关重要。)

Buli
上面的例句向我们展示了人们在谈论到诸如 “communication skills” 等软技能时,往往会使用 “important(重要的)”、“vital(关键的)” 等表示 “重要” 或 “优秀程度” 的形容词。不过我们需要注意的是,作为在求职、面试以及自我发展中常见的说法,“hard skills” 和 “soft skills” 只是区分不同技能和能力的方式,并不意味着某些技能一定是 “necessary(必要的)” 或者 “unnecessary(不必要的)”。

Phil
Remember, if you have a question that you'd like us to answer, you can email us too at questions.chinaelt@bbc.co.uk

Buli
你也可以通过微博向我们提问。我们的微博账号是 “BBC英语教学”。Bye!

Phil
Bye!

责任编辑:weisen