内容简介

你也许会用 “Great job!（干得好！）” 来鼓励或称赞一个人的表现，但你知道吗，人们也会用同样的表达 “Great job!” 来表示讽刺，感叹他人 “表现得太差了，真行！”？听节目，跟主持人 Phil 和步理学习如何在英语中辨别和表达讽刺。

文字稿

（关于台词的备注: 请注意这不是广播节目的逐字稿件。本文稿可能没有体现录制、编辑过程中对节目做出的改变。）

Buli
大家好，欢迎收听 BBC 英语教学的 “你问我答” 节目。I'm Buli.

Phil
And I'm Phil. We have a question from one of our listeners.

Question
When do people use sarcasm in English? How can a learner tell if "Great job!" actually means the opposite?

Buli
这位听众想知道英语中如何表达 “sarcasm（讽刺）”，以及作为非母语的学习者如何辨别他人的讽刺。比如，在什么情况下人们说 “Great job!” 的时候并不是真的想说 “做得好！”，而是想要讽刺对方 “瞧你做的好事！” What tips have you got, Phil?

Phil
Yes, so, sarcasm is saying the opposite of what you mean. Sometimes it's to be funny, sometimes it's a way of saying how annoyed you are. If you don't spot when someone is being sarcastic it can be confusing.

Buli
和中文里类似，人们通常会用讽刺的方式来让自己的话显得更有趣，或者通过这种方式表达自己对某事感到不满。当然，如果对方没有听出讽刺背后的含义，那么也会容易造成误解。那么 Phil，有哪些细节或者线索可以帮助我们识别英语中讽刺的话呢？

Phil
Well, the first thing to look at is context. If you want to know if something is sarcasm or not, think about who's saying it, what's happening, and what that person could be thinking.

Buli
Yes, context is key in face-to-face conversations. 首先，我们可以关注对话中的背景因素。比如，说话者是谁以及刚刚发生了什么，然后通过推测对方是怎么想、怎么看的来判断对方是否在讽刺。我们也可以通过话中的其它部分来了解对方主要想表达什么意思。来听两个例句。

Examples
You've got all of that done in half the time anyone else could. Great job!
（你只用了其他人一半的时间就把这些都搞定了。干得好！）

So, you haven't even finished the first thing I asked you to do. Great job!
（所以，你连我让你做的第一件事都没完成。你可真能干！）

Buli
在第一个例句中，说话者想要传达的意思是积极正面的。“You've got all of that done in half the time anyone else could（你只用了其他人时间的一半）” 暗示了 “你做事的效率很高”，因此 “Great job!” 的意思也是正面的，是一句真诚的夸奖。

而在第二句中，“you haven't even finished the first thing I asked you to do” 其实是在指责对方 “你连我让你做的第一件事都没完成”，所以 “Great job!” 就不太可能是一句夸奖的话，而更可能是在讽刺对方 “工作做得差”。

Phil
Now, there's a bit of a difference between spotting sarcasm in speech and in writing. It's often easier to spot sarcasm when someone's speaking.

Buli
Yes. When we are speaking to someone in person, it's easy to look out for body language. 辨别讽刺的第二种方法就是观察对方的身体语言。比如，在说话时的头部动作或者眼神等等。虽然对方说了一句赞扬的话，但却连连摇头，那么通常是在传达讽刺的意味。

Phil
The other thing in speech that can tell you that someone is being sarcastic is the intonation – if we're actually happy or excited then we often say things like 'great job!' with a rising then falling intonation – 'great job'. If we're being sarcastic, then we often say it with a flatter intonation – 'great job'.

Buli
是的。说话的语气也是表达讽刺时重要的信号。通常来说，真心赞扬时的语气会有上下起伏，而讽刺时的语气则会更加平实。除此之外，人们在表达讽刺时每个音节的发音也可能会拖得更长。来听几个例句。

Examples
You got every question wrong. Great job!
（你每道题都答错了，真可以啊！）

So, you've made one not-very-nice cake. Big deal!
（所以，你不就是做了一个不太好吃的蛋糕嘛，多大点事啊！）

I'm going to love these boring lectures? Yeah, right!
（我会喜欢听这些无聊的演讲？当然啦！）

Phil
There are a couple of phrases here that are very commonly used sarcastically – 'yeah, right!' and 'big deal!'. They can also be a good indication that someone is being sarcastic.

Buli
接下来让我们来看看书面语中的讽刺。通常来说，在文字中辨别讽刺是相对困难的，因为我们不能观察对方的肢体语言或者语气。

Phil
Well, the good news is that we don't often use sarcasm in formal language, and a lot of written language is quite formal, so it is less common in writing. However, where we do have a lot of informal written language is in online communication – text messages, instant messages, social media, even some emails.

Buli
没错，由于讽刺更多地出现在非正式的、轻松的文字中，因此我们更常会在短信、文字聊天或者电子邮件中看到或用到讽刺。在这些文字交流中，我们同样可以通过上下文和语境来判断对方的实际态度，从而识别讽刺。

最后想要提醒大家的是，其实在文字交流中，讽刺并不容易很快地被识别出来。因此，如果我们想要避免被误解、清晰地传达自己的意思，那么大多数时候都不必使用讽刺。

Phil
Yes, sarcasm can confuse people, especially in writing. Remember, to help you spot sarcasm, think about the context, look at body language and listen for intonation.

Buli
Thanks for listening. It'd be terrible if you came back next time.

Phil
Now, that sarcasm was easy to spot. Remember, if you have a question that you'd like us to answer, you can email us too at: questions.chinaelt@bbc.co.uk

Buli
你也可以通过微博向我们提问。我们的微博账号是 “BBC英语教学”。Bye!

Buli
Bye!