内容简介
在英语口语交流中,“kind of”、“sort of” 和 “a bit” 出现的频率非常高。一位听众来信询问,这三个搭配是否有具体的含义?它们会不会改变句子的意思?在本期节目中,主持人 Beth 和步理就来分享它们在口语中常见的用法和意思。
文字稿
(关于台词的备注: 请注意这不是广播节目的逐字稿件。本文稿可能没有体现录制、编辑过程中对节目做出的改变。)
Beth
Hello and welcome to Question and Answer of the Week. I'm Beth.
Buli
And I'm Buli. 本期的 “你问我答” 节目中,我们要来回答下面这个问题。
Question
为什么英语对话中常听到有人使用 “sort of”、“kind of”,还有 “a bit”?它们会改变句子的意思吗?
Beth
These are definitely used a lot in spoken English, and for a variety of reasons.
Buli
I think we should, kind of, start then, don't you?
Beth
I think we should! So, let's listen to some examples with 'sort of' and 'kind of', and then we'll explain the different possible meanings. And I should say that we very often pronounce these as 'sorta' and 'kinda', or 'sort of' and 'kind of'.
Example
It's sort of cold outside. You might want to wear a jumper.
(外面好像有点冷。你可能得穿上一件毛衣。)
Buli
在刚才的例句中,说话者使用了问题里提到的 “sort of” 这个搭配。“It's sort of cold” 的意思就是 “好像有点冷”。在这句话中,“sort of” 表达出了 “有些……,像是……样” 的意思。所以说话者其实想要暗示的是 “外面的温度有些冷,但也许实际上不太冷或者有的人会认为并不冷”。
Beth
And listen to an example of 'kind of' where the meaning is also 'similar to'.
Example
This fruit tastes kind of citrusy, like an orange, but it's much more sour than sweet.
(这种水果尝起来有些像柑橘,就好像橘子,但它的味道比起甜更偏酸一些。)
Buli
在这个例句中,说话者在描述一种 “尝起来像是橘子,但却不是橘子的水果”。在这个句子中,“kind of” 的意思和上一个例句中 “sort of” 的意思类似,表示 “有些像是……”。
Beth
'Sort of' and 'kind of' can also be used when you're not sure of the best word to use – they give you thinking time. Often the intonation is slightly different with this – there may be a pause before and after 'kind of' or 'sort of'. Have a listen.
Examples
It's, sort of, cold outside. You might want to wear a jumper.
(外面像是有点冷。你可能得穿上一件毛衣。)
This fruit tastes, kind of, citrusy, like an orange, but it's much more sour than sweet.
(这种水果尝起来似乎有点柑橘味,有点像橘子,但它的味道比起甜更偏酸一些。)
Buli
我们可以注意到,这两个例句的语气听上去更加犹豫,这是因为说话者在 “cold(冷的)” 和 “citrusy(柑橘味的)” 这两个单词前使用了 “sort of” 和 “kind of”,并且伴随一定的停顿。这种用法既可以暗示我们暂时想不到特别贴切的词,也可以帮助我们在拿不准用哪个词来形容一件事时有更多的时间思考。
除此之外,“sort of” 和 “kind of” 还可以用来减轻语气的强烈程度,有时甚至能让我们听起来更加礼貌。来听两个例句。
Examples
It's sort of cold outside. You might want to wear a jumper.
(外面可能会有些冷。你可能得穿上一件毛衣。)
This fruit tastes kind of citrusy, like an orange, but it's much more sour than sweet.
(这种水果尝起来就像是有一些像柑橘,就好像橘子,但它的味道比起甜更偏酸一些。)
Buli
最后,再让我们来看看 “a bit” 的用法。
Beth
'A bit' can mean to a small degree. It's different to 'sort of' and 'kind of' in that the similarity is smaller. Like 'sort of' and 'kind of', it can also be used to show hesitancy or to be less direct. Listen to these examples.
Examples
This chicken tastes a bit strange. How long has it been out of the fridge?
(这鸡肉吃起来怪怪的。从冰箱里拿出来放多久了?)
This essay brief is a bit difficult. I don't really know what to say.
(这篇论文提纲有一点难。我确实不知道该写些什么。)
Sweet? Let me try. Wow, it's a bit sweet. How much sugar did you add?
(味道是甜的?让我尝尝。哇,这是有点甜。你加了多少糖?)
Beth
So, using 'sort of', 'kind of' and 'a bit' affects the meaning of a sentence, but in a small way.
Buli
是的。总的来说,惯用语 “sort of”、“kind of” 和 “a bit” 确实都有具体的含义,会让句子的意思有所改变,但改变的程度并不大。我们可以用它们来表达 “某种程度上像是……” 这个意思。其中,“a bit” 所描述的相似程度要比另外两个惯用语弱一些。在口语中,人们还会用它们配合不同的语气来减弱态度的强烈程度、让自己听上去更加礼貌,或者暗示自己暂时找不到特别合适的词来描述一件事。
Beth
Remember, if you have a question about the English language you'd like to ask us, please send us an email. Our email address is: questions.chinaelt@bbc.co.uk.
Buli
你也可以通过微博向我们提问。我们的微博账号是 “BBC英语教学”。Bye, everyone.
Beth
Goodbye!

