内容简介

在同时用形容词和量词修饰一个名词时，有时形容词和量词的出现顺序会影响句子的意思，有时则不会。比如，“a large box of chocolate（一大盒巧克力）” 和 “a box of large chocolate（一盒大块的巧克力）” 所表达的意思就不一样。本集 “你问我答” 节目将讲解形容词和量词在句中修饰名词时的顺序规则。

文字稿

（关于台词的备注: 请注意这不是广播节目的逐字稿件。本文稿可能没有体现录制、编辑过程中对节目做出的改变。）

Buli
大家好，欢迎收听 BBC 英语教学的 “你问我答” 节目。This is Question and Answer of the week, where we answer your questions about English language, culture and life. I'm Buli. Phil's here to help me answer a question about adjectives. Hi Phil!

Phil
Hi Buli, how are you?

Buli
I'm very good, thank you! We have received this question from our audience.

Question
一杯热水用英语表达为 “a hot cup of water” 还是 “a cup of hot water”？又或者都对？如果都行，哪种更符合语法规范？同样，一张空白的纸是 “a blank piece or sheet of paper” 还是 “a piece or sheet of blank paper”？我们老师说的是要把形容词放在计量单位前，可我看到一些词典上好像也有另一种表达法。老师举的例子是 “a high sense of responsibility”。

Phil
It's an interesting one. Let's see if we can answer it.

Phil
Hey Buli. It's getting wintry outside, isn't it?

Buli
Yes, I get so cold on the way home from work. Although it is nice to get home and have a hot cup of tea.

Phil
Well, you can't beat a cup of hot tea to make you really feel at home. The other thing that I really like in the winter is a bowl of hot soup.

Buli
Yes, a hot bowl of soup is the perfect dinner for these dark winter months.

Phil
Yeah, in the summer it's different. I always want something cold and light.

Buli
I'll tell you what I do in the summer. You should try blanched vegetables – they make a great, light, summer meal.

Phil
Blanched?

Buli
Yes. What you do is you take a pan of boiling hot water, drop the vegetables in for a minute or two, and then put them in a bowl of ice-cold water.

Phil
That sounds good. I can't wait until it's summer to try it.

Buli
在刚才的对话中我们可以注意到，虽然在 “a hot cup of tea” 和 “a cup of hot tea” 两个句子中，形容词 “hot” 分别位于量词 “a cup of（一杯）” 的前面和后面，但它们的意思都是 “一杯热茶”。其实在实际使用中，把形容词放在这两种位置上通常都是正确的，但具体在每个句子中应该把形容词放在哪则取决于我们想要突出的重点。

Phil
Yes, it depends what's important. If we talk about a hot cup of tea, then we're using 'hot' to describe the cup of tea; while if we're talking about a cup of hot tea, then we're talking about a cup that has hot tea inside it. For tea, or soup, in this conversation it doesn't really matter. All we care about is having something hot on a cold day.

Buli
是的。正如 Phil 所说，因为我们在刚才的对话中并没有想特别强调到底 “一杯茶是热的” 还是 “杯中的茶是热的”，并且 “hot（热的）” 既可以用来形容 “一杯茶” 也可以用来形容 “茶”，所以不管形容词 “hot” 位于量词前还是量词后都能清晰地表达出我们的意思。不同的是，当我们讨论到如何制作 “blanched vegetables（凉拌蔬菜）” 时，由于我们想要强调出需要分别用到 “滚烫的水” 和 “冰凉的水”，因此 “boiling hot（滚烫的）” 和 “ice-cold（冰凉的）” 被放在了量词 “a pan of（一锅）” 的后面，紧挨着所修饰的名词 “water”。

你正在收听的是 BBC 英语教学的 “你问我答” 节目。刚刚我们讨论了用形容词和量词同时修饰一个名词时的前后顺序。通常来说，形容词的位置在量词前和量词后都是正确的。但有的时候，比如当我们想要用不同的形容词强调不同物品之间的区别时，或者当形容词在修饰名词和包含量词的名词短语会表达出不同的意思时等等，就需要斟酌形容词的位置。Phil, could you give us some more examples?

Phil
OK! So, in the question we had – a blank piece of paper and a piece of blank paper – often we can say either. It doesn't always matter whether it's the piece of paper, or the paper that's blank.

But maybe, we're putting things in order – and we've got blank paper, and we've got coloured paper. Here, the instructions will probably say, 'take a piece of blank paper and put it next to a piece of red paper'.

Buli
That's a good example! 在刚才 Phil 所举的例子中，因为需要为 “blank（空白的）” 和 “red（红色的）” 等不同颜色的纸排序，所以就需要准确区分什么时候该摆放什么颜色的纸张。这时我们就需要把形容词放在量词 “a piece of（一张）” 的后面，来强调不同纸张之间的区别。

Phil
Yes, so context is important here – are we focusing on the object or just one aspect.

Buli
Great, thanks Phil.

Phil
OK. That's it for this week. Remember, if you have a question that you'd like us to answer, you can email us too at: questions.chinaelt@bbc.co.uk.

Buli
你也可以通过微博向我们提问。我们的微博账号是 “BBC英语教学”。Bye!

Phil
Bye!