内容简介

英语单词 “vegetarian” 和 “vegan” 分别代表两种十分常见的素食习惯和人群：“素食的，素食者” 和 “严格素食的，严格素食者”。通常来说，这两者的区别在于是否会食用或使用除了肉以外的动物制品，比如鸡蛋和牛奶。听节目，跟主持人步理和 Phil 学习用于描述和讨论不同饮食习惯的单词和表达。

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（关于台词的备注: 请注意这不是广播节目的逐字稿件。本文稿可能没有体现录制、编辑过程中对节目做出的改变。）

Buli
大家好，欢迎收听 BBC 英语教学的 “你问我答” 节目。This is Question and Answer of the week, where we answer your questions about English language, culture and life. I'm Buli. Phil's here to help me answer a question about dietary requirements. Hi Phil!

Phil
Hi Buli, how are you?

Buli
I'm very good, thank you! So, let's hear this week's question.

Question
I often get confused about the difference between 'vegan' and 'vegetarian.' From what I recall, there are quite a few other words describing different degrees of meat consumption among vegetarians. Which ones should I pay attention to in everyday situations?

Phil
Ah, this is a great question – starting off by looking at two quite similar words – 'vegetarian' and 'vegan'.

Buli
是的。这位听众想知道如何在英语中讨论 “素食” 这个概念，比如，如何区分和表达不同种类和程度的素食习惯。而在英语中，两个最常见的用来描述素食或吃素食的人的单词就是 “vegetarian” 和 “vegan”。

Sometimes I get confused with these two concepts as well. Phil, is there a quick way to tell them apart?

Phil
Basically, someone who is vegetarian doesn't eat meat, and someone who is vegan doesn't eat or drink or wear any animal products. Let's see how these words are used and also look at some other words that people use to describe their diet and lifestyle.

Buli
You know what, Phil? You look a bit stressed.

Phil
Well, I'm trying to plan a dinner party, but it's complicated. My friends all eat different things. One person who's coming is a pescatarian, so they don't eat meat, just fish.

Buli
Sounds like you need to get some seafood, maybe some grilled salmon?

Phil
I mean, I like seafood, but another friend who's coming is vegetarian.

Buli
Ah, so they don't eat fish. You know what's really good? A nice cheesy omelette – it doesn't need any meat.

Phil
A nice idea! I love omelettes. I love cheese. But my fourth friend is vegan – so that's not going to work. They don't eat any animal products, so eggs and cheese are all out.

Buli
Umm, this is probably where you should have started, but there's lots of really nice plant-based food you can get – you'll be fine. I mostly eat vegetables and fruits, but I'm a flexitarian, so I do eat meat sometimes, just not a lot.

你正在收听的是 BBC 英语教学制作的 “你问我答” 节目。刚才我和 Phil 在对话中讨论了几个不同的素食习惯——“pescatarian（鱼素的，鱼素者）”、“vegetarian（素食的，素食者）”、“vegan（严格素食的，严格素食者）” 和 “flexitarian（弹性素食者）”，以及其它在讨论素食习惯时常用的表达。

Phil
You might have already noticed some of the key differences between these common words related to plant-based diets. The big difference between a vegan and a vegetarian is that vegans don't eat any animal products – so dairy products like milk and cheese, eggs, even honey are all things they avoid.

Buli
是的。通常来说，“vegan” 和 “vegetarian” 的最大区别就在于 “vegan” 通常指的是 “不吃或使用任何动物和动物制品，比如乳制品，甚至蜂蜜等等的人或生活习惯”，而 “vegetarian” 则往往依然会吃鸡蛋、牛奶等非肉制品。

除了这两种最常见的素食习惯，刚才的对话中还出现了 “pescatarian” 和 “flexitarian”。“Pescatarian” 这个词来源于意大利语的 “鱼” 和英语中的 “素食者”，指的是 “不吃肉类，但会食用鱼和其它海鲜的人或饮食习惯”。而 “flexitarian” 则与 “flexible（弹性的，灵活的）” 这个词有关，指的是 “大部分时间吃素食，但偶尔也会食用肉类或乳制品等等的人或饮食习惯”。

Phil
Another term that we see a lot is 'plant-based'. This doesn't describe people – but is an adjective used for foods or diets. For example, vegans follow a plant-based diet.

Buli
是的。“Plant-based” 是在讨论素食时十分常用的一个形容词，意思是 “植物性的，用植物为原料制作的”，通常被用来形容食品和饮食习惯等等。

在英语中，当人们讨论饮食习惯或饮食要求时，还常常会用到 “gluten intolerant” 和 “lactose intolerant” 这两个表达，它们分别指 “麸质不耐受” 和 “乳糖不耐受”。如果有人提出了这两种饮食要求，那么就分别意味着他们不能食用某些谷物制品和乳制品。

Phil
Hopefully, that's answered your question. Remember, if you have a question that you'd like us to answer, you can email us too at: questions.chinaelt@bbc.co.uk

Buli
你还可以通过微博向我们提问。我们的微博账号是 “BBC英语教学”。Bye!

Phil
Bye!