内容简介

“连词（conjunctions）” 和 “连接词（connectors）”，这两个听上去很相似的说法在英语语法里其实各司其职。“连词” 是一类有具体含义、在同一个句子里串联词、短语或分句的单词；而 “连接词” 的范畴更广，它是包括连词在内、用于连接两个独立的句子或段落的单词，其中最常见的一种形式就是 “过渡词（transition words）”。听节目，跟主持人步理和 Georgie 一起，辨析连词、过渡词和连接词这三个容易混淆的语法概念。

文字稿

（关于台词的备注: 请注意这不是广播节目的逐字稿件。本文稿可能没有体现录制、编辑过程中对节目做出的改变。）

Buli
大家好，欢迎收听 BBC 英语教学的 “你问我答” 节目。This is Question and Answer of the Week, where we answer your questions about English language, culture and life. I'm Buli and I'm here with Georgie. How are you?

Georgie
I'm a little bit tired, but I'm ready to record this programme. How about you?

Buli
Oh no, sorry to hear that. In contrast, I'm feeling pretty good today! Well, first, let's listen to the question. Then, we'll answer it for our listeners. And, after that, you can rest. How does that sound?

Georgie
That sounds great.

Buli
OK. 在本期节目中，我们将要回答的是下面这个问题：

Question
我想知道 “conjunctions”、“transition words” 和 “connectors” 的区别。

Georgie
Well, let's start by saying that a connector is an umbrella term for words or phrases that link ideas and sentences. All conjunctions and transition words are connectors, but not all connectors are conjunctions or transition words.

Buli
Right. So, we need to look at the difference between conjunctions and transition words.

英语中的 “conjunctions”、“transition words” 和 “connectors” 一般分别指的是连词、过渡词和连接词三个语法概念。其中，“connectors（连接词）” 泛指所有能在词和词、语句和语句、词和语句之间，起到连接作用的元素，其中就包括了 “conjunctions（连词）” 和 “transition words（过渡词）” 这两个有些重叠的概念。因此，想要分清这几个概念，我们最好从连词和过渡词两个概念之间的区别入手。

Georgie
That's right. Starting with conjunctions, which are a part of speech. Conjunctions are linking words like 'because', 'when', 'before' and 'so' that link two parts of a sentence together.

Buli
For example, at the beginning, you said 'I'm tired, but I'm ready to record.' 'But' is a conjunction which links 'I'm tired' and 'I'm ready to record' together, in this case contrasting them.

诸如 “because（因为）”、“when（在……的时候）”、“before（在……之前）” 和 “so（所以，因此）” 等连词通常具有非常具体的语法功能，可以连接句子、单词或短语等等，表达出并列、转折、递进等多种多样的含义。比如，刚才 Georgie 说的 “I'm tired, but I'm ready to record.” 这句话中的 “but” 就是一个转折连词。

Georgie
Right. Another example could be 'I felt hungry, so I bought a sandwich'. The conjunction 'so' connects the two ideas. OK, let's talk about transition words.

Buli
Right, and the clue is in the name – transition. 顾名思义，“过渡词” 最重要的特点就是它能帮助我们从一个话题顺畅地 “transition（过渡）” 到下一个话题。A very obvious example is what I said at the beginning.

Georgie
Yes. You said, 'First, let's listen to the question. Then, we'll answer it for our listeners. After that, you can rest.' The transition words 'first', 'then', and 'after' help you guide the listener through what you're saying. Notice how these transition words are often at the start of sentences and can separate sentences, whereas conjunctions form part of one sentence. 

Buli
是的。诸如 “first（首先）”、“then（然后）”、“after（在……之后）” 等用法都可以被算作过渡词。我们可以注意到，过渡词通常出现在句子的开头，或作为在中间插入的一部分，和句子之间以逗号分开。而连词可以出现在句子中间，是整个句子不可分隔的一部分。

Georgie
Let's have another example. 'There were too many students in the classroom. Therefore, we had to split the groups.' 'Therefore' is a transition word that moves the listener on to the next idea, in this case, the consequence.

Buli
You could express a very similar thing using a conjunction. 我们还可以用一个连词代替 “therefore” 来表达相似的含义。比如，我们可以说 “There were too many students in the classroom, so we had to split the groups.” 需要注意的是，这种表达方式的语气往往比使用过渡词听上去更加轻松和口语化。

Georgie
In the same way, this sentence with a conjunction 'I'm tired, but I'm ready' could be said with a transition word in separate sentences, 'I'm tired. However, I'm ready', which again is a little more formal and emphasises the transition.

Buli
你正在收听的是 BBC 英语教学制作的 “你问我答” 节目。在本期节目中，我们正在学习连词、过渡词和连接词三个语法概念之间的区别。刚才，我和 Georgie 主要介绍了连词和过渡词的不同用法。

说起来，Georgie，连词还可以被分为并列连词和从属连词。在节目的最后，我们是不是也来介绍一下这两种连词之间的区别呢？

Georgie
That's right. Coordinating conjunctions link two sentences of the same importance. For example, 'I want to go to the park, but it's raining outside.'

Buli
Whereas, subordinating conjunctions link a main clause and a subordinate clause that links to it. It's often something happening in the background, for example, 'I lived in a small flat while I was at university.' 'I was at university' is the less important clause.

简单来说，并列连词连接的是两个并列关系的单词、短语或句子，而从属连词则用于连接主句和对主句进行补充说明的从句。

Georgie
Great, well I think it's time to recap.

Buli
最后让我们来总结一下。连词 “conjunctions” 和过渡词 “transition words” 都是连接词 “connectors” 的一部分。

连词主要用于连接句中的词、短语或者分句，从而使句子各部分之间的逻辑联系更加紧密。

过渡词则主要在思考层面上帮助我们组织语言和想法，将不同的语句联系起来。

Georgie
The most important thing to remember is that both conjunctions and transition words are connectors, so they have similar purposes, but with different styles.

Remember, if you have a question that you'd like us to answer, you can email us too at: questions.chinaelt@bbc.co.uk

Buli
你也可以通过微博向我们提问。我们的微博账号是 “BBC英语教学”。Bye!

Georgie
Goodbye!