新东方名师详析3.16高口听译试题!

2008-03-17 00:00:00来源:邱政政的博客

08.3.16 听译原题(Listening and Translation)


原文:


Sentence Translation:


1. The report notes that obesity can lead to potentially fatal health problems including diabetes, stroke and cancer. But unfortunately, the obesity epidemic in America is getting worse.


2. This company has a very good reputation for job security and looking after its staff with things like good perks, good canteen and paid holidays, that sort of thing. Do those things actually motivate people at their work?


3. Many employees can assume that they’re being watched while they work during the day. The majority of the U.S. companies keep watch on their workers with video cameras, tape recorders, computer surveillance.


4. Within a decade of the introduction of the Divorce Act, the total divorce rate rose from 14% of all marriages in 1989 to 30% in 2006.


5、The Chinese currency has appreciated by more than 8% since July, 2005, when the country allowed the Yuan to float against the U.S. dollar within a daily band of 0.3%.


Passage translation:


1. A growing number of educators in the United States have begun to question just how beneficial computers are in the classroom. The debate raging in the US is being closely watched by European and Asian educators who welcome technology but also want to learn from American mistakes. Statistic shows 26% of American school children aged 5 to 9 years old use computers at school. Yet, little research has been conducted to examine at what impact computers have on children’s cognitive and emotional development. Our concern is that this is very powerful technology the effects of which we really don’t know.


This morning, I am going to talk briefly about consumer price changes in five major countries. Let’s look at the US figures. As you can see, the annual change in consumer prices rose from around 4% in 2002 to just under 6% in 2004. At present, the United States has the highest rate of inflation of the 5 countries considered. Now, turning to France. We can see that consumer prices rose less quickly than those in Britain and the US. Inflation rose over to over3% in 2005. By 2006, the inflation rate in France had fallen below that in Germany and was now equal to that in Japan.


解析:


听译部分要求考生在听懂和理解英语的基础上,译出其主要内容。属主观型试题。国内外其他英语考试均无此题型。听译不仅测试考生的听力理解,还测试其短期记忆和翻译能力,要求较高。考生普遍感觉听译题较难,拿分不易。历年来的阅卷结果也证实了考生的感觉:听译部分的合格率是整个听力部分四种题型中最低的,有不少考生只能拿几分(满分为30分),甚至有得零分的。


听译分为两个部分:单句听译和段落听译。单句听译5句,每句长度30个词左右;段落听译有2段,每段100个词左右。语速每分钟150个词。考试时录音只放一遍。单句后有50秒左右,段落后有200秒左右的空隙,供考生翻译后将答案写下来。


听译部分总分30分,其中单句15分,每句3分;段落听译15分,一段7分,另一段较长的8分。


听译的句子和段落从内容上说不会太难。句形太复杂,意思太抽象的材料一般不会选。句子听译5句,通常会有1至2句包含数字(百分比,日期等);段落听译2段,肯定会有一段包含数字。考生应注意提高在听英语时对英语数字的理解和掌握。


在本次和历次听译部分的考查侧重点在于听懂和理解,而不在翻译技巧,不必也没有时间讲究翻译的辞藻,所以考生只要能够把听力材料的主要内容翻译成通顺的汉语即可。


听译部分难在三个过程,”听”,”记”和”译”。


1 所有考试中“听不懂”的原因只有四个方面:


语音基础知识不牢,词汇量不够,特殊语法现象不熟悉和文化背景知识不丰富。


例如:单句听译第1句中diabetes(糖尿病),很多同学的听觉反应迟缓。所幸的是新东方口译听力课上的粉丝基本能拿捏得相当到位。其次,fatal(致命的)的美式发音和英式发音的微妙区别虽然知道但现场反应仍觉慢了半拍,在心理上影响了译文的正常发挥。最后getting worse由于课堂操练多得热昏,故后半句译文基本发挥正常。


单句听译第5句中,US dollars(美金)和Chinese currency(人民币)的汇率浮动问题牵涉到金融和经济背景知识。


2 “记”包括笔记和脑记


高级口译听译的材料并不长,所以应该遵循“脑记为主,笔记为辅”的原则。


脑记的关键在理??的同学们而言,兼顾脑记和笔记的课堂超级运动量课堂热身练习,助绝大部分考生获得成功。


(1)脑记的关键在理解:理解是一切记忆的根本前提,记忆是理解基础上的记忆,而不是盲目杂乱的或逐字逐句的死记硬背。所以听译是一种“意义”记忆。


A. 在脑记中,考生对听力文段的理解应该放在两个重点上:一,搜寻,判断话语信息的逻辑关系;二,抓住各个逻辑层次的核心意义。


例如:单句听译第2句中job-security(工作安全性)和motivate people in their work(推动员工工作积极性)信息间的逻辑联系,能推断出整句的核心意义。


单句听译第3句中video(录象) ,tape-recorders(录音机)都是发生在US companies(美资公司)的under surveillance(监督;管制)事件。


单句听译第4句中1989年14%——2006年30%,在decade(十年)中,divorce rate(离婚率)升幅较大,符合当今文明社会的通病逻辑。


B 脑记的困惑主要是:即使对于一段文字理解上没有困难的文段,还是不能靠脑记记忆下来。经常是听了下半句忘了上半句,一长段文字听下来脑子中只剩最后一句。究其原因乃脑中的英文storage太小——即使记忆能力欠佳。解决的办法有两个:dictation(听写)和shadowing(跟读)。


(2)笔记的关键在于熟练


3 “译”的关键在速度


对于大多数考生而言,50秒译出3个句子,200秒译出7-9个句子,并把它们工整地写出来并不是易事。而英语中的一些语法结构和中英文语序的差异都是听译的“拦路虎”。


考生在实考中,由于紧张等原因往往听漏和听错第一个词甚至一句话。而听译中的第一句话往往是这段听译材料的中心句,暗示整段材料的体裁,更重要的是给听力文段奠定了感情基调和逻辑倾向。


例如,本次段落听译中第一段的第一句话中educators(教育专家),PC classes(电脑课程),揭示了主题内容,为下文中5-9岁learning computers at schools(学校电脑教学),impact the power of technology(影响科技实力)奠定了基调和逻辑。


听译第2段,首句中consumption price(消费价格)在美国的上下浮动,暗示了本段的中心思想。下文中2002年4%升至2004年6%,2005年和2006年的inflation(通货膨胀)在5%上下,并且在Germany, France, Japan and the US(德国,法国,日本和美国)间作了比较。


本文选自新东方邱政政的博客,博客链接地址:http://blog.hjenglish.com/qiuzhengzheng/articles/980427.html

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