中央电视台、中国网络电视台记者:
总理您好。我们特别关注民营企业的发展问题。因为在这些年当中我们看到国务院先后出台了两个36条去引导和鼓励民营资本不断获得健康发展。对此有很多民营企业是充满期待的。但是我们也听到有一些民营企业认为，政府对非公经济的支持是雷声大、雨点小，实际过程当中有很多民间投资还会面临有形或者无形的障碍，似乎“玻璃门”的现象并没有得到有效解决，而且在国际上针对“国进民退”的说法也有不少争议。请问总理，您如何来看待这样一个问题？谢谢。
I’m with CCTV and CNTV. My question is related to the development of private enterprises in China. We have seen that the State Council has released two sets of 36 Guidelines on encouraging and supporting the development of nongovernmental investment and that has raised a lot of hopes on the part of privately run businesses in China. However, it is also the view of some privately run enterprises in China that they have heard loud thunders but seen few rain drops in terms of the central government’s support for the nonpublic sector or much said but little done. And those businesses still face a lot of visible or invisible obstacles in their operation and the problem of the so-called “glass door” has not been well addressed. There is also such a view that in China the state-owned enterprises are forging ahead but privately-owned ones falling behind. What is your view, Mr. Premier?
温家宝:
我们的方针是要实现、巩固和发展公有制经济，同时支持、鼓励和引导非公经济的发展，两个毫不动摇。我们在2005年出台了支持、鼓励和引导非公经济的36条。去年我们又出台了鼓励和引导民营资本投资的36条。应该说，这两个36条雷声不小。为什么说它雷声不小呢？就是我们明确地提出，无论在法律层面，还是在政策层面，无论是在财税金融政策，还是在准入政策上，我们对不同所有制的企业都一视同仁，鼓励相互竞争，共同发展。
Our policy in this field is that we will unswervingly consolidate and develop the public sector of the economy and at the same time unswervingly support, encourage and guide the development of the nonpublic sector of the economy. In 2005, the State Council formulated the 36 Guidelines on encouraging and supporting the development of nonpublic sector. And last year, we introduced the new 36 Guidelines and encouraging and supporting the nongovernmental investment. I should say that the thunder is indeed loud. We will treat all enterprises of different kinds of ownerships as the same in terms of the law and policy including fiscal taxation, financial and market access policies and measures. We encourage these different economic entities to compete with each other and reinforce each other in their development.
为什么许多非公企业还感到雨点小？甚至提出存在所谓“玻璃门”和“弹簧门”的现象，我以为最重要的就是落实不够。大家如果注意这两个文件，后一个36条其实是对第一个36条的补充，它在政策和准入的细节上都作了许多明确的规定。我们正在着手制定新36条的贯彻细则。我相信，这两个文件将会进一步推进非公经济的发展。
So why do some private enterprises still feel that they have seen few raindrops and why do they feel that the problems of the so-called “glass door” and “swing door” have not being well addressed? I think this is mainly because we have not fully implemented the policies and measures. Actually, the new 36 Guidelines can be seen as a supplementary document to the first set of 36 Guidelines. Because a lot of detailed arrangements have been spelt out in the new 36 Guidelines in terms of the policy arrangements and market access. And we are now formulating the detailed rules for the implementation of the new 36 Guidelines. And I believe that these two documents will help boost the development of the nonpublic sector.
目前不存在所谓“国进民退”的问题，同样也不存在“民进国退”的问题。应该说，30多年的改革开放，国有经济和个体私营经济都有了很大的发展。对于国有经济的发展，今天我不想着重去谈。单就你提到的所谓民营经济的发展。在全国的固定资产投资当中，民间投资已经超过50%。在工业企业当中，无论从数量、产值、资产总量还是就业人数，都超过了国有企业，这是一个事实。
I don’t think we have such problem as state-owned enterprises forging ahead while the privately held enterprises falling behind. Nor do we have the opposite problem in China. In the past 30 years and more of China’s reform and opening up, we should recognize that big development has been achieved in both the public sector and the nonpublic sector of the Chinese economy. I don’t want to spend too much time on talking about the public sector at the press conference today. Just with respect to the nonpublic sector that you mentioned in your question, I would like to point out that now the private investment has accounted for over 50% in the total fixed asset investment nationwide. And in the development of industries in China, those privately-held enterprises have been growing faster than their state-owned counterparts in terms of the number of businesses, their output value, total assets and pay rolls. This is a fact that we must recognize.
国有经济虽然比重降低，但它依然掌握着国家经济命脉。国有企业在不断深化改革，特别是通过股份制建立现代企业制度，也吸收了大量的社会资本和民间资本，这样也有利于国有经济的发展。
The proportion of the public sector in the total economy is declining. However, the public sector still takes the life line of the national economy. The state-owned enterprises are now deepening their reform, they have introduced the joint stock system and modern cooperate system. They have also attracted and received large amount of nongovernmental capital investment. All these are in the interest of the healthy development of the public sector.
我们一定要坚持两个毫不动摇，促进国有经济与民营经济共同发展。谢谢。
We will continue to pursue our policy of “Two Unswervinglies” and we will strive for the common development of both the public sector and the private sector of the economy. Thank you!
俄通-塔斯社记者:
总理您好。我在中国工作已经18年了，我非常喜欢中国，也习惯了在中国的生活。但是最近发现物价变贵了，请问通货膨胀的原因是什么？很多俄罗斯的媒体都称赞中国政府采取的应对国际金融危机措施。他们说这些措施让中国与其他国家相比受到的金融危机影响较小，您是否同意这个看法？谢谢。
I’m with the Interfax of Russia. I have worked in China for 18 years. I like this country very much and hope to continue to live here. Well, recently we have seen much change in the consumer prices in China. I would like to ask: what is the cause for inflation? Many Russian media organizations have spoken highly of the measures taken by the central government in countering the international financial crisis. They say that it is because of these measures that China has been one of the least affected countries during the financial crisis. Do you agree with this view?
温家宝:
你的问题重点在第二问，因此我先回答你的第二问。在国际金融危机当中，中国受到了巨大的冲击。国际金融危机对实体经济影响很大，如果我们回想2008年底到2009年上半年，当时国际贸易下降26%，而中国的出口要占到GDP的近1/3，波罗的海指数一度跌到零。我到深圳集装箱厂去考察，连一个集装箱的订单都没有。我们最低的GDP跌幅达到3.8%，不少企业停业，大批农民工返乡。在这种情况下，我们实施了包括四个方面内容的一揽子计划。这就是：大规模的财政投入和结构性的减税，使企业恢复活力；大范围地提高社会保障的水平，使民生继续稳定和改善；大力度地推进科技支撑，使经济充满后劲；同时大强度地推进企业的结构调整，特别是发展新兴战略产业。所有这些都不是单一的解决眼前的问题，而是着眼于长远的发展方向。我们实施4万亿的投资，关于投资比例我在《政府工作报告》中已经详细阐述了。你问的问题的要害就是所谓国际金融危机对中国冲击小。我跟你讲，事非经过不知难。我们经过这样的努力，使中国在世界上率先回升向好，从而避免经济建设遭受重大的挫折。这一点是举世公认的。至于通货膨胀，我方才已经多次讲过，这次通货膨胀是国际范围内的，在新兴国家，CPI都达到8%以至10%。原因我也已经分析了，我们注意在抑制通货膨胀中，要管好货币。也就是说要减少货币的流动性，从根本上消除通货膨胀的基础。谢谢你。
As a matter of fact, the international financial crisis has exerted a huge impact on China. It has exerted a big impact on the real economy. We may recall that between the end of 2008 and the first half of 2009, global trade tumbled by 26% and Chinese exports also fell substantially. The Baltic Dry Index (BDI) once dropped to 0.When I paid an inspection trip to a container port in Shenzhen, the local manager told me that not a single order was received. At the certain point, the Chinese GDP fell to as low as 3.8% in its growth, a large number of businesses had to close and a large number of rural migrant workers had to go back to their home villages. It is under such tough circumstances that we adopted a stimulus package that has four key components. They include: we massively increased government investment and conducted structural tax cuts so as return the businesses to growth. Second, we improved the social security system in order to stabilize and improve the people’s livelihood. Third, we vigorously promoted science and technology advances to sustain the momentum of China’s economic development. And fourth, we carried out massive structural adjustments in Chinese businesses and in particular encouraged the growth of strategic emerging industries. All these stimulus measures are designed to not only address immediate problems but also ensure China’s long term development. The government introduced a 4 trillion RMB yuan investment plan, and as to the proportion of the expenditure under this plan on the part of the government, I have already given a detailed explanation in my government report work. I think the very crux of your question is about the impact of the financial crisis on the Chinese economy whether the impact is a small one. Well, I would like to say that a person who has not experienced the difficulty will not be able to fully appreciate the gravity of the difficulty itself. It is with very hard efforts that we managed to make the Chinese economy one of the first in the world to achieve a recovery and rebound and avoid serious setbacks in China’s economic development. I think these achievements of China on this front have been widely recognized. With respect to the inflation issue that you raised, as I said before, inflation now is a global issue. Some emerging economies experienced 8% or even 10% of CPI rise. And I have already explained our views on what are the causes for such inflation. I would like to in particular stress that in managing inflation expectation and fighting inflation, we will appropriately manage the currency environment and particular to mop up excess liquidity, because that way we will be able to root out the fundamental cause for inflation. Thank you!
金牌口译2011秋季协议保过班
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