双语新闻：糟糕的亲子关系会“妨碍学习”

2014-04-01 11:26:20来源：中国日报网

　　The emotional bond a child secures with its parents has a greater impact on its education than previously thought, a report suggests.

　　The Sutton Trust study says children's early attachment to parents has far-reaching consequences for their ability to speak, learn and think.

　　Parents who are insecure themselves find it harder to provide children with security, it says.

　　And the report calls for more help so parents can develop such crucial bonds.

　　The study focuses on the application of the theory of attachment - a key theory in child development and psychology.

　　This says the degree to which children are secure and resilient as they grow up depends on their own early experiences with their mothers and fathers and how they have bonded.

　　But the report from the Sutton Trust education charity, entitled Baby Bonds, makes the case that it has an important impact on children's future educational chances as well as their emotional well-being.

　　It is based on an analysis of more than 100 studies on the issue, including home visits and assessments and observations of children in a range of countries.

　　The trust argues that although psychologists have been aware of attachment theory, it has not been seen by policy makers as a key influence on educational attainment. And it asks them to take this into account.

　　The report says when babies and toddlers do not form these strong parental bonds - known as secure attachment - they are more likely to exhibit poor language and poor behaviour before they reach school.

　　And it cites international studies which suggest this continues late into life, with insecure children more likely to leave school early or duck out of employment or training.

　　They are also more likely to suffer from aggression, defiance and hyperactivity later in life.

　　The Sutton Trust says its analysis of the research suggests that about 40% of children in the UK lack a secure attachment with their parents.

　　Lead author Sophie Moullin said that when her team looked at large scale representative studies in a number of countries they all found, from their observations, that between 38% and 42% of children suffered from poor attachment in all the different study locations.

　　She added: "Secure attachment really helps children with emotional and social development and at school it really helps them to manage their behaviour. These are the things that teachers will tell you that are stopping children from learning.

　　"It's really only as we understand more about these behaviour problems that we have decided that a lot of it goes back to this early bonding with parents."

　　Research director at the trust Conor Ryan said: "Better bonding between parents and babies could lead to more social mobility, as there is such a clear link to education, behaviour and future employment.

　　"The educational divide emerges early in life, with a 19-month school readiness gap between the most and least advantaged children by the age of five.

　　"This report clearly identifies the fundamental role secure attachment could have in narrowing that school readiness gap and improving children's life chances.

　　"More support from health visitors, children's centres and local authorities in helping parents improve how they bond with young children could play a role in narrowing the education gap."

　　中文译文：

　　萨顿信托基金会(The Sutton Trust)的一份报告指出，良好的亲子关系对孩子日后的教育学习影响重大，远超以往预期。

　　研究发现，婴幼儿与父母的亲子关系会对他们日后的读、写以及思辨能力产生深远影响。

　　报告指出，那些缺乏安全感的父母很难给予孩子关怀。

　　报告指出，基金会呼吁多方的关注，帮助父母们认识到亲子关系的重要性。

　　基金会主要采用依恋理论(theory of attachment)进行研究——该理论在儿童成长与心理学领域颇为著名。

　　研究重点关注了依附理论，孩子小时候与父母的关系如何，决定了他们在成长过程中能否拥有安全感以及积极乐观的心态。

　　但英国慈善教育机构萨顿信托基金会在题为《婴儿的情感纽带》报告中指出，亲子关系除了会影响孩子的心态以外，还会他们日后的学习生活，

　　该结论是基于对于100多项研究的分析得出的，这其中包括对各国儿童所进行的家访、行为评估以及观察。

　　研究人员认为，尽管心理学家对依附理论有所关注，但决策者并未将这一理论与学习机能联系在一起，希望有关部门能采纳这一研究成果。

　　报告指出，孩子在婴幼儿时期若是与父母的关系不甚良好——也就是缺乏安全型依附——那么入学前，这些孩子的语言及行为能力可能会表现得差一些。

　　报告引用了世界各国的研究，研究表明亲子关系会对孩子日后的生活产生影响，与同龄人相比，那些缺乏安全感的孩子更可能辍学或逃避就业。