中国户籍制度改革计划开始成形

2014-08-14 18:22:00来源：可可英语

　　Last week China put some flesh on the bones of itsplans to reform its hukou, or household-registration, system, which determines where peoplecan settle based on a series of exactingrequirements akin to many countries' visa rules.

　　上周，中国政府公布了一些关于户籍制度改革计划的新细节。中国的户籍制度有点像许多国家的签证制度，它根据一系列严格的要求来决定人口的落户地点。

　　Under the hukou regime, which dates back to the1950s, migrants have limited access to health care,education and other social benefits outside theirhometowns. This forces many migrant workers to leave their children behind when they move tocities to find work so they can attend school. Switching a hukou can be extremelychallenging.

　　中国的户籍制度始于上世纪50年代。在该制度下，流动人口在户籍地以外地区可享受的医疗、教育以及其他社会福利受到限制。这就迫使许多外出务工者到城市去打工时把自己的孩子留在户籍地，以便他们可以在老家上学。在中国，迁户口是一件非常困难的事情。

　　The system has succeeded in preventing the emergence of shantytowns around China's cities(though many migrants still live in rotten conditions). But it comes at the cost of breaking upfamilies and forcing migrants from the countryside to live as second-class citizens in urbanareas.

　　户籍制度有效遏制了城市周围棚户区的出现(尽管许多流动人口的生活条件仍很恶劣)。但它的代价是，造成家庭成员的分离，迫使来自农村的务工者以二等公民的身份在城镇生活。

　　To address this injustice, China's government has promised change. But its plans arecautious, with restrictions to be lifted first in small towns. More stringent requirements willremain on those who want to live in larger cities, which are generally more attractive tomigrants.

　　为解决这一不公平问题，中国政府承诺对户籍制度进行改革。但政府的改革计划非常谨慎，初期阶段政府将开放小城镇的落户限制。那些想留在大中城市生活的外来人口将面临更严格的落户要求。总体而言，大中城市对外来人口更具吸引力。

　　The State Council, or cabinet, set out guidelines ( in Chinese) last week, emphasizing that citieshave plenty of leeway to set their own residency requirements, based on criteria like what jobssomeone does and how long he or she has paid into the local social-insurance system.

　　国务院上周发布了指导意见，强调各个城市根据各自的情况设定自己的落户要求，落户条件包括工作类型以及社保缴纳时限等。

　　Even so, the very largest cities -- defined as those above 5 million in population, which coversa dozen or more Chinese conurbations -- are still advised to 'strictly control the scale of thepopulation,' using a points-based system to give priority to those with college degrees orwho have studied abroad.

　　即便如此，特大型城市(人口超过五百万，包含十几个甚至更多卫星城的城市)仍需严格控制人口数量，它们可以使用积分落户机制优先解决高学历以及海外留学人员的落户问题。

　　The State Council did set a few limits on what cities can ask for: they aren't allowed to considerthe price or area of an applicant's apartment, and there is a maximum limit on the social-insurance contributions they can insist on: five years in the case of large cities.

　　国务院也规定了一些不能列入落户条件的指标，例如对申请人住房的价格或面积提出要求。国务院也提出了社保缴纳时限最高限制条件：大城市为五年。

　　But reform could still run into trouble. A survey by the Sichuan province bureau of statistics,published last week, found that 90% of migrant workers don't even want an urban hukou.

　　但户籍改革仍会遇到障碍。据四川省统计局上周发布的一项调查显示，90%的农民工并不想要城市户口。

　　For many, the benefits of better health care and being able to bring their children with themdon't outweigh the perks of rural residency, which include a guaranteed (though generally verysmall) allocation of agricultural land, the survey found.

　　调查发现，对于许多农民工来说，更好的医疗条件以及能够将孩子带在身边的便利无法超越农村户口带给他们的好处。农村户口能够分到一块耕地，虽然面积通常很小。

本文关键字: 中国户籍制度改革计划开始成形