双语新闻：外企在华经营风险分析

2014-08-20 15:21:47来源：可可英语

　　The latest wave of anti-trust investigations in China– first Qualcomm and now Microsoft and the ongoingcriminal investigations involving GSK – is having anunsettling effect on global supply chains across avariety of industry sectors.

　　先是高通(Qualcomm)，现在又是微软(Microsoft)，还有正在接受刑事调查的葛兰素史克(GSK)，中国的新一轮反垄断调查正对跨多种行业的全球供应链造成令人不安的影响。

　　But instead of planning an exodus, Westernbusinesses should avoid over reacting and focus onfinding new, appropriate strategies that will allowthem to stay and profit from doing business in the world’s fastest-growing consumer market.

　　但西方企业该做的不是计划大规模撤离，而是避免过度反应，并专注于寻找新的、适当的战略，让自己留在这个全球增长最快的消费市场继续做生意赚钱。

　　Of course, any business thinking about shifting operations to China in order to gain access toits developing marketplace should do so with its eyes fully open. Businesses that go theresimply seeking to profit from their exposure to the market will be unlikely to find that thingsrun smoothly.

　　当然，任何正考虑将业务迁往中国，以求进入其发展中市场的企业都应睁大双眼。来华外企如果只想获利于其对中国市场的敞口，往往会发现事情不顺利。

　　The National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC), the agency responsible foradministrative control of the Chinese economy, will be more inclined to spot corrupt or anti-competitive working practices in businesses that are only interested in profiting from Chinarather than those that are bringing something valuable to the country that will enable itseconomy to grow in the future.

　　负责对中国经济实施行政控制的机构——国家发展和改革委员会(NDRC)，更倾向于在以下这类公司发现腐败或反竞争行为：只关心从中国获利，而不为这个国家带来有价值的东西以推动其未来经济增长。

　　Simply put, if China doesn’t feel it is learning from a business, or a business is just exploiting anadvantage it has, it will gently or abruptly stop it (for example with import tariffs orcorruption investigations, or more subtly with changes to joint venture ownerships, ease ofdoing business, or taxation).

　　简言之，如果某家企业让中国感到没有可借鉴之处，或只是在利用自己的优势地位，那么中国就会要么柔和要么突然地向它亮红灯。比如上调进口关税，进行反腐败调查，或采取更微妙的手段，如调整合资企业所有权，加大做生意的难度，或采取税务手段。

　　Businesses that are providing Chinese people with an opportunity to learn how tomanufacture premium parts for the automotive or aerospace industries, for example, or gainknowledge of innovative technologies, will be more welcome and accommodated.

　　那些能为中方提供学习借鉴机会的企业，将更受中国欢迎和接纳，比如让中国人学会如何制造汽车或航空航天高端零部件，或掌握创新科技知识。

　　Once this degree of market control is understood, Western businesses will realise that anybusiness opportunity in China comes with strings and a time window attached – it may lastfive or ten years, or possibly longer, but it will be finite without evolution. If businessesbecome too big, they tend to be brought firmly under state control, or managed so as not toget too powerful or influential.

　　一旦西方企业了解到这种市场控制的分寸，它们将认识到在华的任何商机都带有附加条件和时间窗，它的时长可能是5年、10年，或更久，但如果业务没有演变，这个时长肯定是有限的。如果企业发展得过于庞大，国家往往会把它们牢牢控制起来，或设法阻止它们变得过于强大或有影响力。

　　From an outsider’s viewpoint, it may seem that Western companies have become less welcomein China lately, but this has never been further from the truth. The Chinese Government isdesperate for its industries to move up the value chain so they can pay higher salaries and giveChinese people the job prospects and increased buying power they demand. They needWestern businesses to help them to achieve this and scaring companies away is definitely notwhat they want.

　　从外界角度来看，西方企业貌似最近在华正逐渐遇冷，但这种想法完全错了。中国政府急于让国内产业向价值链上方移动，从而为中国人民提供更高的薪水、更多的就业机会以及他们要求的更大的购买力。中国需要西方企业帮忙实现这一目标，吓跑企业绝对不是他们的初衷。

　　Despite this, the NDRC’s latest swoop on Western businesses could seem arbitrary (eventhough it’s not) and it is certainly politically motivated. However, we should realise thatWestern approaches to inbound trading are not that dissimilar. In Europe and the US,governments would probably seek to slap a tariff on any goods entering the marketplace ifthey faced little or no domestic competition (duties can also be added on to protect localcompetition). Is the NDRC’s action really that different?

　　尽管如此，国家发改委对西方企业的新一轮举动可能貌似武断(尽管其实并非如此)，而且肯定出于政治动机。但我们应该认识到，西方对外来贸易的处理与中国并没那么大不同。在欧美等国，如果进入本国市场的商品很少或没有遇到国内竞争，政府多半会对该商品强加关税(或者为保护本土竞争力而开征关税)。中国发改委的作法真的有很大不同吗?

　　While pulling out of China would be an over-reaction, some Western companies that arealready operating there or those thinking about entering the marketplace, may need to find newstrategies to minimise the associated risks.

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