PETS三级考试必备阅读资料及参考译文(24)

2014-09-25 18:33:00来源：网络

　　China‘s education system

　　The development of education is of primary importance in china. Under the policy of “developing the country through science and education，” each child is offered free education for a compulsory nine years and the education system is constantly being improved. “oriented towards modernization， the world， and the future” is the guiding principle for the development of the Chinese education system， both in the long and the short term.

　　China‘s education system can be divided into the following stages：

　　Pre-school education is for 3-5 year olds and takes place in kindergartens.

　　Primary education is from 6

　　11. Primary schools are usually run by local educational authorities and over free tuition， although there are some private schools owned by enterprises and individuals.

　　Secondary schooling is for children from 12-17 years of age. Education of this kind is run by local governments and various business authorities. State-run secondary schools include junior middle schools and senior middle schools， both with three grades or years. The first three years of secondary school are compulsory and tuition is free. Senior middle school is not compulsory and students must pay minimal tuition fees. Private secondary schools often offer specialized education and have a more vocational bent， but the qualifications they offer are considered to be on the same level as those of state-run middle schools. However， graduates from secondary professional schools are seen to have achieved a higher level in some ways akin to a university education. Students graduating from junior middle schools usually go on to senior middle schools， although some move to vocational high schools or secondary professional schools for 3-5 years of study.

　　For higher education there are vocational courses as well as undergraduate， postgraduate， and doctoral degrees. Bachelor‘s degrees usually require 4-5 years of study， master’s degrees need 2-3 years and Ph.D.s are granted after 3 years. Higher education is offered in universities， colleges， institutes， and vocational colleges. These institutes conduct academic and scientific research and provide social services as well as offering courses to students. To enter a university or college， students have to take the national entrance examination， which takes place every July and is now open to people of all ages. Selection is based on each student‘s marks in this exam， and due to the number of people sitting the exam， getting into university is highly competitive. Those who fail to get selected have to go to private colleges if they want to continue their education. Tuition at such colleges is more expensive than at the state-run universities. Those who have missed out on higher education can continue their studies as adults in the workplace.

　　参考译文：

　　中国的教育制度

　　在中国，教育的发展是至关重要的。在“科教兴国”的方针政策下，每个孩子都有权利享受9年义务教育并且教育体系也在不断完善。无论是从长期还是从短期来说，“面向现代化、世界和未来”是中国教育体制的指导原则。

　　中国的教育体系可分为以下几个阶段。

　　3-5岁为幼儿园学前教育阶段。

　　小学教育是从6岁到11岁。小学是由当地教育部门开办，实行免费。也有由企业和个人办的私立学校。

　　中学教育时间为12-17岁。中学是由当地政府和各种商业机构办的。公立的中学包括初中和高中两个阶段，各三年。初中是免费义务教育，高中不是义务教育，学生要交少量的学费。私立中学一般提供专业性的教育，学生的职业技能强一些，但是私立中学所发的文凭和公立中学所发的是同一水平。然而，在某些方面从专业学校毕业的学生与接受过大学教育的学生是差不多的。初中毕业生一般接着上高中，有些会去上职业高中或者是去技校学习3-5年。

　　高等教育包括高职、本科、硕士、博士。拿到学士学位一般需要4-5年时间，硕士学位需要2-3年，博士学位需要3年。提供高等教育的机构有大学，专科学院，研究所和职业学院。这些机构开展学术和科学研究，给学生提供学习课程和社会服务。要进大学，考生们必须参加每年平7月举行的全国高考，现在高考面向所有年龄的人开放。大学对学生的挑选是看高考成绩，由于参加高考的人数很多，所以竞争很激烈。那些没考上的人如果想要进大学学习的话只能去私立大学，私立大学的学费比设立大学高的多。没有接受高等教育的人可以在工作之后继续学习。

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