数据分析揭示美国经济复苏情况

2014-09-15 12:18:51来源：可可英语

　　Although the top 1% of wealthy Americans (and the corresponding 99%) dominate theheadlines, the research shows that the top 3% is where the action is – at least as far as incomeis concerned. The top 3% took a huge hit, proportionately, in income during and following therecession. In 2007, this segment of the population represented 31.4% of the income in theU.S. By 2010, their share had fallen to 27.7%. It has since almost fully recovered, reboundingto 30.5%. Interestingly, the share of income of the rest of the top 10% (the top 4%-10%) hasheld steady at 17% since 1989. The share of wealth held by the top 3% didn’t swing duringthe recession. Rather, it has been on a steady climb from 44.8% in 1989 to 54.4% in 2013.

　　尽管占据新闻头条的总是美国人中最富有的那1%(以及相应的那99%)，但本次调查表明，变化最大的是那3%最富有的人，至少从收入上来看是这样。按比例计算，这3%美国人的收入在大衰退期间及以后受到了重大影响。2007年，这部分人占美国人收入的31.4%。到2010年，这个数字降至27.7%。随后基本上又回到了原来的水平，反弹至30.5%。有意思的是，在最富有的那10%美国人中，剩下的那些人(也就是排在4%-10%之间的人)占美国人收入的比例从1989年开始就一直稳定在17%。在大衰退期间，那3%最富有的人所持财富比重没有出现起伏，而是从1989年的44.8%稳步升至2013年的54.4%。

　　More than ever, a college degree is a must.

　　大学文凭的重要性超乎以往。

　　On average, median pre-tax income (adjusted for inflation) fell for all families by 4.7%between 2010 to 2013. It dropped even further – 5.6% — for those with a high schooleducation only. The only two groups to show real income growth were the top 20% of earners,where income grew by 4.3% and those with a college degree, where income grew by 1.1%.This, the economists noted, was a reflection of the fact that even though total employment isback above it’s pre-recession level, the jobs created haven’t been quality ones. Rather, they’reof the low-wage variety.

　　平均而言，美国家庭的税前收入(剔除通胀因素)中位数在2010-2013年期间下降了4.7%。对于只有高中文化程度的家庭来说，这个数字的跌幅更大，达到了5.6%。实际收入出现增长的群体只有两个：一是收入水平最高的那20%的人，他们的收入上升了4.3%;二是拥有大学文凭的人，他们的收入提高了1.1%。美联储经济学家指出，由此可以看出，尽管总就业人数又超过了大衰退之前的水平，但是新出现的就业机会质量并不高，往往薪酬都较低。

　　Fear of the stock market prevails.

　　普遍对股市感到害怕。

　　The percentage of American families that own stocks – which peaked in 2001 before beginningto decline – continued to trend down between 2007 and 2013. In 2013, 48.8% of familiesowned stocks (most through retirement plans rather than directly). That compares with 53.3%in the 2007 survey (the Survey of Consumer Finances is conducted every three years.) Thatthis happened despite the strong rebound in the stock market is a sign, the economists noted,that the volatility in the markets may simply have proven too much to take, particularly formiddle income people. Stock ownership is highly concentrated at the top of the incomedistribution – and contributed to the rebound in wealth among the top 10% (the mean valueof their stock holdings rose from $885,000 in 2010 to $969,000 in 2013.)

　　持有股票资产的美国家庭所占比重在2001年达到最高点，随后开始滑落。2007-2013年间这个数字一直呈下行态势。2013年，48.8%的美国家庭持有股票(但大多数都是通过退休金计划，而非直接持股)。在2007年的消费者金融调查报告(这项调查每3年进行一次)中，这个数字为53.3%。美联储经济学家认为，虽然股市强劲反弹，但这个持股家庭比重的变化表明，股票价格的波动也许大得让人难以承受，特别是对中等收入群体来说。股市投资高度集中在收入最多的那部分人中，进而帮助那10%最富有的人实现了财富回升(他们所持股票的平均价值从2010年的88.5万美元上升到了2013年的96.9万美元)。

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