2022年高级口译：《朱子家训》英译

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　　朱子家训

　　Maxims by Zhu Zi

　　黎明即起，洒扫庭除，要内外整洁;既昏便息，关锁门户，必亲自检点。

　　Get up at dawn and sweep the courtyard, so that the house is clean inside and outside. Rest early at night. Check personally that the doors and windows are properly shut.

　　一粥一饭，当思来处不易;半丝半缕，恒念物力维艰。

　　When you eat, remember that food is the product of hard work. When you put on clothes, keep in mind that materials do not come by easily.

　　宜未雨而绸缪，毋临渴而掘井。

　　One should repair the house before it rains and not start digging a well when he already feels thirsty.

　　自奉必须俭约，宴客切勿流连。

　　Be thrifty in satisfying your own needs, but generous in hosting a reception.

　　器具质而洁，瓦缶胜金玉;饭食约而精，园蔬逾珍馐。

　　Utensils used in the house should be plain and clean. Earthenware is better than those made of jade and gold. Meals need not be sumptuous; finely prepared, simple vegetables can be better than rare delicacies.

　　勿营华屋，勿谋良田。

　　Do not construct extravagant mansions; do not try to gain fertile farmland.

　　三姑六婆，实淫盗之媒;婢美妾娇，非闺房之福。

　　Matchmakers and sorceresses are agents of vice. Pretty maids and a charming wife need not be a blessing.

　　奴仆勿用俊美，妻妾切忌艳妆。

　　Do not judge by physical appearance when hiring servants. It is well with you even if your wife and maids look plain without make-up.

　　祖宗虽远，祭祀不可不诚;子孙虽愚，经书不可不读。

　　Even if ancestors are far removed from us, we should offer sacrifices with reverence. Even if your children are slow-witted, you should still instruct them in the Confucian classics.

　　居身务期质朴，教子要有义方。

　　Strive to lead a simple and thrifty life; through such example your children will learn the principles of living.

　　莫贪意外之财，勿饮过量之酒。

　　Do not be tempted by unexpected gains; do not drink more than your capacity.

　　与肩挑贸易，勿占便宜;见贫苦亲邻，须多温恤。

　　When dealing with peddlers, do not try to take advantage of them. Show sympathy and solicitude to your relatives or neighbours who are in adverse circumstances.

　　刻薄成家，理无久享;伦常乖舛，立见消亡。

　　Fortune amassed by unjust means cannot be enjoyed for long; violating moral principles will bring about destruction.

　　兄弟叔侄，须分多润寡;长幼内外，宜法肃辞严。

　　Among brothers and close relations, the more affluent should help the needy. In a family, parents and children, husband and wife, the older and younger should each do their duty. They should all abide strictly by the rules of behavior and use appropriate language.

　　听妇言，乖骨肉，岂是丈夫?重资财，薄父母，不成人子。

　　A father who believes the slanderous talk of a woman and turns against his own flesh and blood cannot be called a true man. A man who values money more than his parents is a bad son.

　　嫁女择佳婿，毋索重聘;娶媳求淑女，勿计厚奁。

　　When marrying off a daughter, choose a man of good qualities. It is wrong to demand lavish betrothal gifts. When choosing a wife for a son, find a girl who is virtuous and genial, not one whose family offers a generous dowry.

　　见富贵而生谄容者最可耻;遇贫穷而作骄态者贱莫甚。

　　People who fawn over the rich and powerful are most despicable. People who behave arrogantly towards the poor are themselves the most contemptible.

　　居家戒争讼，讼则终凶;处世戒多言，言多必失。

　　Avoid lawsuit to settle domestic disputes; litigation often has bad results. When with others, do not talk too much. One who talks too much is prone to say the wrong thing.

　　勿恃势力而凌逼孤寡，毋贪口腹而恣杀牲禽。

　　Do not use one’s power to oppress the orphaned and widowed. One should not recklessly kill livestock to indulge his appetite.

　　乖僻自是，悔误必多;颓惰自甘，家道难成。

　　Eccentricity and conceit often misguide a person and result in regret. One who is spiritless and lazy can achieve nothing.

　　狎昵恶少，久必受其累;屈志老成，急则可相依。

　　Keeping company with a profligate young man, one will ultimately suffer because of him. Men who are experienced, prudent and modest can be depended on during an emergency.

　　轻听发言，安知非人之谮诉?当忍耐三思;因事相争，焉知非我之不是?须平心暗想。

　　When hearing an accusation, do not readily believe it. Keep your cool and think carefully, for the charge may be false. When engaged in an argument, one should calmly ask himself whether he is at fault.

　　施惠无念，受恩莫忘。

　　Do not keep in mind a favour you have bestowed on someone else, but do not forget to repay a favour you have received.

　　凡事当留余地，得意不宜再往。

　　Whatever you do, always allow some leeway for unforeseen circumstances. When you are successful in one endeavour, do not aspire to have the success repeated.

　　人有喜庆，不可生妒忌心;人有祸患，不可生喜幸心。

　　Do not be envious of other people’s happiness. Do not take pleasure in other people’s misfortune.

　　善欲人见，不是真善;恶恐人知，便是大恶。

　　One who gives publicity to his good deeds is not genuinely doing good. One who tries to conceal his wrongdoing has committed great evil indeed.

　　见色而起淫心，报在妻女;匿怨而用暗箭，祸延子孙。

　　If a man has lascivious ideas when he sees a beautiful woman, his punishment will be visited upon his wife and daughter. If a man harbours a grudge and vent his spite by underhand means, he is inviting misfortune upon his descendants.

　　家门和顺，虽饔餐不继，亦有余欢;国课早完，即囊橐无余，自得至乐。

　　When a family lives together in harmony and peace, even if they are poor and can hardly make ends meet, they will enjoy plenty of happiness. When a man has paid his taxes and levies, though his pockets are empty, he feels vastly gratified.

　　读书志在圣贤，非徒科第;为官心存君国，岂计身家!

　　A man ought to study with the aspiration to become a man of virtue/ A man serving as an official ought to have the interests of the emperor and the nation at heart.

　　守分安命，顺时听天;为人若此，庶乎近焉。

　　One must be faithful in his duty and contented in his lot. He must follow the proper course of the time and comply with the mandate of heaven. One who lives in this way has about attained the state of perfection.

　　(吴敬瑜 译)

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