2023年CATTI二级笔译综合能力真题解析Passage3：Part4

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　　Section 2 Reading Comprehension (30 points)

　　In this section you will find after each of the passages a number of questions or unfinished statements about the passage, each with 4 (A, B, C and D) choices to answer the question or complete the statement. You must choose the one which you think fits best. Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.

　　Questions 61-70 are based on the following passage.

　　In a theoretical model, decision making is defined as the process of selecting one option from among a group of options for implementation. Decisions are formed by a decision maker, the one who actually chooses the final option, in conjunction with a decision unit, and all of those in the organization around the decision maker who take part in the process. In this theoretical model, the members of the decision unit react to an unidentified problem by studying it, determining the objectives of the organization, formulating options, evaluating the strengths and weaknesses of each of the options, and reaching a conclusion.

　　Many different factors can have an effect on the decision, including the nature of the problem, external forces exerting an influence on the organization, the internal dynamics of the decision unit, and the personality of the decision maker. Analyses of decisions often emphasize one of three principal conceptual perspectives (though often the approach that is actually employed is somewhat eclectic).

　　In the oldest of the three approaches, decisions are made by a rational actor, who makes a particular decision directly and purposefully in response to a specific threat from the external environment. It is assumed that this rational actor has clear objectives in mind, develops numerous reasonable options, considers the advantages and disadvantages of each option carefully, chooses the best option after careful analysis, and then proceeds to implement it fully.

　　A second perspective places an emphasis on the impact of routines on decisions within organizations. It demonstrates how organizational structures and routines such as standard operating procedures tend to limit the decision-making process in a variety of ways, perhaps by restricting the information available to the decision unit, by restricting the breadth of opt, ions among which the decision unit may choose, or by inhibiting the ability of the organization to implement the decision quickly and effectively once it has been taken.

　　A third conceptual perspective emphasizes the internal dynamics of the decision unit and the extent to which decisions are based on political forces within the organization. This perspective demonstrates how bargaining among individuals who have different interests and motives and varying levels of power in the decision unit leads to eventual compromise that is not the preferred choice of any of the members of the decision unit.

　　Each of these three perspectives on the decision-making process demonstrates a different point of view on decision making, a different lens through which the decision-making process can be observed. It is safe to say that decision making in most organizations shows marked influences from each perspective; i.e., an organization strives to get as close as possible to the rational model in its decisions, yet the internal routines and dynamics of the organization come into play in the decision.

　　61. The first paragraph implies that the theoretical decision-making process ________ .

　　A. is made without a decision unit

　　B. involves the decision maker only

　　C. often does not work in real situations

　　D. requires the reviews of several options

　　62. The theoretical model involves all the following EXCEPT ________ .

　　A. existence of several options

　　B. assessment of the pros and cons

　　C. employment of a third-party surveyor

　　D. identification of a particular objective

　　63. Among all the following, ________ is NOT mentioned as having an effect on decision making.

　　A. generation of options B. evaluation of the problem

　　C. identification of objectives D. implementation of the group

　　64. In all three perspectives, ________ .

　　A. a decision is to be concluded

　　B. a decision unit plays the deciding role

　　C. a standard operating procedure is followed

　　D. a compromise will inevitably have to be made

　　65. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that a rational actor would ________ .

　　A. deal with a specific threat B. work in a whimsical manner

　　C. ponder an option recommended D. dismiss disadvantages of options

　　66. When a routine procedure for arriving at a resolution is valued, ________ .

　　A. the decision-making process will be rushed

　　B. the feasible options will be clearly demarcated

　　C. all the information will be offered to the team

　　D. decision unit members will be effectively disabled

　　67. The word "dynamics" underlined in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to ________ .

　　A. inner explosions B. strong emotions

　　C. social philosophies D. active interactions

　　68. According to Paragraph 5, that ________ is the final outcome of political bargaining within an organization.

　　A. no actual decision is ever reached

　　B. the members of the decision unit will quit

　　C. no one is fully satisfied with the end result

　　D. differing interests and motives are compromised

　　69. The word "lens" in "a different lens through which the decision-making process can be observed" is a metaphorical device that is termed ________ .

　　A. allusion B. simile

　　C. metaphor D. personification

　　70. The best title for the passage should be ________ .

　　A. Decision Making Crucial for An Organization

　　B. The Ultimate Solution for Correct Decision Making

　　C. A Basic Conceptual Model for Making A Decision

　　D. Three Theoretical Perspectives to the Making of Decisions

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