2023年CATTI三级笔译实务真题解析5

　　CATTI考试，作为重要的翻译考试，也是比较有社会价值的英语能力证书。对于大家参加CATTI考试的同学，大家在实际的备考中，应该如何更好的来复习备考?为了让大家能够更全面的准备CATTI考试，新东方在线小编为大家整理了“2023年CATTI三级笔译实务真题解析5”，让我们一起来学习备考吧!

　　Section 1 English-Chinese Translation (50 points)

　　Translate the following passage into Chinese,

　　It was just one word in one E-mail, but it triggered huge financial losses for a multinational company. The message, written in English, was sent by a native speaker to a colleague for whom English was a second language. Unsure of the word, the recipient found two contradictory meanings in his dictionary. He acted on the wrong one. Months later, senior management investigated why the project had flopped, costing hundreds of thousands of US dollars. It all traced back to this one word. Things spiraled out of control because both parties were thinking the opposite. When such misunderstandings happen, it's usually the native speakers who are to blame. Ironically, they are worse at delivering their message than people who speak English as a second or third language, according to a communication expert. A lot of native speakers are happy that English has become the world's global language. They feel they don't have to spend time learning another language. The non-native speakers, it turns out, speak more purposefully and carefully, typical of someone speaking a second or third language. Anglophones, on the other hand, often talk too fast for others to follow, and use jokes, slangs and references specific to their own culture. The-native English speaker is the only one who might not feel the need to accommodate or adapt to others. With non-native English speakers in the majority worldwide, it's Anglophones who may need improvement. Native speakers are often at a disadvantage when English is being used as a common language. It's the native English speakers that have difficulty understanding and making themselves understood. Non-native speakers generally use more limited vocabulary and simpler expressions, without flowery language or slang. Because of that, they understand one another easily. Then there's cultural style. When a Brit reacts to a proposal by saying, "That's interesting," a fellow Brit might recognize this as an understatement for "that's rubbish." But other nationalities would take the word "interesting" at face value.

　　English speakers with no other language often have a lack of awareness about how to speak English internationally. In Berlin, German staff of a Fortune 500 company were briefed from their Californian HQ via a video link. Despite being competent in English, the Germans gleaned only the gist of what their American project leader said. So among themselves they came up with an agreed version, which might or might not have been what was intended by the Californian staff. Too many non-Anglophones, especially Asians and French, are too concerned about not "losing face" — and nod approvingly while not getting the message at all. That's why a former senior international marketing executive at IBM, devised Globish —a distilled form of English, stripped down to 1,500 words and simple but standard grammar. "It's not a language, it's a tool," he says. Since launching Globish in 2004, he's sold more than 200,000 Globish textbooks in 18 languages. "If you can communicate efficiently with limited, simple language, you save time, avoid misinterpretation and you don't have errors in communication," he says. When trying to communicate in English with a group of people with varying levels of fluency, it's important to be receptive and adaptable, tuning your ears into a whole range of different ways of using English. People who've learned other languages are good at doing that, but native speakers of English generally are not very good at adapting to language variation. In meetings, Anglophones tend to speed along at what they consider a normal pace. One recommendation is making the same point in a couple of different ways and asking for acknowledgement or reaction.

　　我的笔记

　　参考译文

　　一封电子邮件里的一个小小单词，却导致一家跨国公司蒙受了巨额经济损失。这封邮件用英语写成，由一名以英语为母语的员工发给一位以英语为第二语言的同事。该同事不确定那个词的意思，查过词典后，发现这个词有两个截然相反的含义，而他选择了错误的那个。数月之后，项目失败，造成了数十万美元的损失。公司管理层着手调查事件原因，一切迹象都指向了这个词。双方的理解南辕北辙，导致事态最终失控。一旦出现类似的误解，人们通常认为是英语为母语者的过错。让人感到有些讽刺的是，与将英语作为第二、第三语言的人相比，英语母语者反而更不擅长传递信息，一位交流学专家指出。很多以英语为母语的人乐于看到英语成为世界通用语。他们觉着自己可以不必花时间再学另一种语言。反而是母语非英语者讲英语时更具有目的性，也更为谨慎，英语为第二或第三语言的人尤其如此。反之，英语为母语者往往语速过快，叫人跟不上，而且还爱讲自身文化特有的笑话、俚语和典故。英语为母语者可能是唯一没意识到自己需要进行自我调整，体谅他人的一群人。鉴于世界上大部分人并非都以英语为母语，英语母语者有必要提高自己的交流能力。当英语成为通用语，英语母语者却常常处境不利。他们很难理解别人，也很难让别人理解自己。母语非英语者说英语时通常使用的词汇有限，表达也相对简单，没有华丽的辞藻或难懂的俚语。正因如此，他们彼此容易沟通。此外还存在文化差异的问题。当一个英国人说一项提议“很有趣”时，其他英国人知道这不过是在委婉地表达“这很无聊”，而外国人只会从字面上去理解“有趣”这个词。

　　不懂其他语言的英语母语者，往往缺乏沟通意识，不懂得如何用英语与外国人交流。在柏林，一家世界500强企业从加利福尼亚总部通过视频向德国员工传达指示。尽管德国员工英语水平不错，但也仅能勉强领会美国那边项目领导的大意。于是他们自己达成一个内部统一的理解，不过这是否是加州那边的真正意图，谁也说不准。不少英语非母语者，尤其是亚洲人和法国人，都过于爱面子，即使完全没听懂，也会点头赞同。为此，前IBM国际市场部经理发明了全球英语(Globish)，一种简化版的英语，其词汇量精简到只有1500词左右，语法简单又规范。“全球英语不是语言，只是工具。”他说。自2004年推出全球英语以来，他已售出20余万册教材，涵盖了18种语言。“使用有限的词汇、简单的语言进行高效沟通，既节省时间，又避免误解，沟通中还不会出现失误。”他说。用英语交流时，面对语言水平参差不齐的人，我们应该学会包容、适应和倾听表达方式各异的英语，这一点很重要。学过外语的人擅长这样做，而英语母语者由于只会一种语言，却不太适应各种语言变化。开会的时候，英语母语者容易语速过快，还自以为语速正常。建议英语母语者用多种方式来表达同一个观点，同时请对方就自己所讲内容做出确认或回应。

　　翻译详解

　　1. It was just one word in one E-mail, but it triggered huge financial losses for a multinational company.一封电子邮件里的一个小小单词，却导致一家跨国公司蒙受了巨额经济损失。

　　分析 增词减词类

　　本句中的两个one意在强调，并与losses的复数概念形成对比，表明“一个词便可招致损失”。因此，翻译时可增译“小小”来加强语气。另外，trigger…losses也可译为“导致了一家跨国公司的巨额经济损失”，但如果增加“蒙受”，则能使译文行文更加流畅生动，句子语义的表达也更加完整。

　　2. The message, written in English, was sent by a native speaker to a colleague for whom English was a second language.这封邮件用英语写成，由一名以英语为母语的员工发给一位以英语为第二语言的同事。

　　分析 句子结构类

　　本句中，根据上下文语境可判知，message代指前句中的“电子邮件”，而后面的written in English则是定语从句经过省略处理后的过去分词短语，其作定语修饰message，因此此处可采取还原式译法，译为“这封邮件用英语写成”。另外，本句中的谓语部分是一个被动语态结构，考虑到英语句子多使用被动，而汉语句子则多使用主动的特点，此处可采取语态转换的译法，将被动语态译为主动语态，从而使译文更加顺畅自然。

　　3. Months later, senior management investigated why the project had flopped, costing hundreds of thousands of US dollars.数月之后，项目失败，造成了数十万美元损失。公司管理层着手调查原因。

　　分析 句子结构类

　　本句符合英语句子语义重心常常在前的特点，汉语句子语义重心一般在后，因此，可采取换序译法，调整各部分信息的顺序并按照事件发生的逻辑顺序来翻译，即项目失败、造成损失、调查原因，从而避免了将why生硬地直译为“……项目失败导致数十万美元损失的原因”。

　　4. The non-native speakers, it turns out, speak more purposefully and carefully, typical of someone speaking a second or third language.反而是母语非英语者讲英语时更具有目的性，也更为谨慎，英语为第二或第三语言的人尤其如此。

　　分析 词性转换类

　　本句中，The non-native speakers…speak more purposefully and carefully，如果直译为“母语非英语者更有目的更谨慎地讲英语”，除稍显生硬外，前后句的衔接也会很别扭。因此，此处翻译时可采取词性转换的译法和断句译法，将两个副词拆分开来，分别译成名词“目的性”和形容词“谨慎”，使行文更加顺畅、自然、有节奏感。另外，形容词typical原意为“典型的”，此处为配合上下文衔接，表达承接关系，可将其后置，并意译为副词“尤其”，这也属于常见的词性转换译法。

　　5. With non-native English speakers in the majority worldwide, it's Anglophones who may need improvement.鉴于世界上大部分人并非都以英语为母语，英语母语者有必要提高自己的交流能力。

　　分析 增词减词类

　　本句中，根据上下文语境可判知，it is Anglophones…这个结构强调“英语母语者应……”，因此翻译时，建议将后面的may省译，以保持整句的肯定语气及其一致性。另外，improvement如果直译为“英语母语者应提高”，则缺失了宾语成分，且不符合汉语的表达习惯。因此，翻译时可采取增译法，将未说明的部分译出，如“提高交流能力”，以使语义更加完整。

　　6.Then there’s cultural style.此外还存在文化差异的问题。

　　分析 篇章理解类

　　本句中，style一词如果直译为“文化风格”，并不符合汉语的表达习惯。根据上下文语境尤其是后面一句的例子，可以判断出此句的主旨在于表明不同国家的人们对语言的不同反应，因此可意译为“文化差异的问题”。

　　7. When a Brit reacts to a proposal by saying, "That's interesting," a fellow Brit might recognize this as an understatement for "that's rubbish." But other nationalities would take the word “interesting” at face value.当一个英国人说一项提议“很有趣”时，其他英国人知道这不过是在委婉地表达“这很无聊”，而外国人只会从字面上去理解“有趣”这个词。

　　分析 词性转换类

　　本句中，a fellow Brit might recognize this as an understatement for “that's rubbish”如果直译为“其他英国人知道这是‘这很垃圾’的委婉说法”，则语义不够流畅。因此，此处更适宜采取词性转换的译法，将名词understatement译为动词“委婉地表达”，这样能更贴近汉语的表达思维与方式。另外还需要注意的是，When a Brit reacts to a proposal by saying中，react to和say语义重叠，因此可将react to省略不译，并将状语部分by saying译为谓语“说”，以使行文更加言简意赅。

　　8. English speakers with no other language often have a lack of awareness about how to speak English internationally.不懂其他语言的英语母语者，往往缺乏沟通意识，不懂得如何用英语与外国人交流。

　　分析 篇章理解类

　　本句中，为使行文流畅自然，可采取断句译法，先将about后面的介宾短语单独意译为“不懂得如何……”。然后，speak English internationally如果直译为“国际化地说英语”，其语义不通，且不符合汉语表达习惯，因此可意译为“用英语与外国人交流”，既能表达出“国际化”，又包含了“说”这个施动行为。

　　9. That's why a former senior international marketing executive at IBM, devised Globish—a distilled form of English, stripped down to 1,500 words and simple but standard grammar.为此，前IBM国际市场部经理发明了全球英语(Globish)，一种简化版的英语，其词汇量精简到只有1500词左右，语法简单又规范。

　　分析 语言措辞类

　　在翻译过程中，常常会根据上下文语境，对个别词汇进行恰当地意译，以使汉语表达更为通顺合理。本句中，distilled原意为“蒸馏的;净化的”，此处可意译为“简化的;精华的”。strip down to原意为“把衣服脱得精光(只剩下)……”，此处可意译为“精简到……”，至此，译文的语感与原文语境中的语气如出一辙。

　　10. "If you can communicate efficiently with limited, simple language, you save time, avoid misinterpretation and you don't have errors in communication," he says. “使用有限的词汇、简单的语言进行高效沟通，既节省时间，又避免误解，沟通中还不会出现失误。”他说。

　　分析 增词减词类

　　本句中，人称代词you多次出现，但考虑到其在此处为泛指，可以省略不译。另外，就句子内容而言，英语重形合，而汉语重意合，因此，此处也可去除形式上的if条件句结构，只译出句子的主干信息即可。同时，为使上下文更好地衔接，并体现句子中的并列谓语save，avoid和have，可增加“既”“又”“还”来加强句子间的逻辑关系。

　　11. When trying to communicate in English with a group of people with varying levels of fluency, it's important to be receptive and adaptable, tuning your ears into a whole range of different ways of using English.用英语交流时，面对语言水平参差不齐的人，我们应该学会包容、适应和倾听表达方式各异的英语，这一点很重要。

　　分析 篇章理解类

　　本句属于句式繁复的长句子，既有时间状语从句，又有现在分词短语作状语，还有it is+形容词+不定式，同时还包含多个介宾短语。针对此类繁复长句，翻译时应着重篇章理解，厘清其主干脉络，并采取多种翻译策略，如省译法、词性转换译法、增译法、意译法等，以使译文表达顺畅自然。比如，本句的主干信息When trying to communicate…，it's important to be…，可采取词性转换的译法，将receptive，adaptable，tuning your ears into译为整齐的并列谓语“包容”“适应”“倾听”。再比如，with a group of people with varying levels of fluency 和 into a whole range of different ways of using English中，介词结构繁复，可采取词性转换的译法，将介词with译为“面对”。

　　以上就是新东方在线CATTI频道给大家整理的“2023年CATTI三级笔译实务真题解析5”相关内容，希望对大家有所帮助，更多备考内容，欢迎随时关注新东方在线CATTI频道。