动词用法:hurt的本义、引申义及用法辨析

2023-02-18 07:09:00来源:新东方在线整理

hurt的本义、引申义及用法辨析

1. 用于本义,表示身体上的受伤”“疼痛,此时通常通常连用的副词修饰语有 badly, seriously, slightly 等。如:

Jim didn’t look seriously hurt. 看上去吉姆伤得并不严重。

They were badly hurt in the accident. 他们在事故中受了重伤。

2. 用于引申义,表示感情上的伤害,此时通常连用的副词修饰语有deeply, extremely, really, terribly, very (much), greatly 等。如:

Her remark hurt him deeply. 她的话深深地伤害了他。

I was very much hurt at what he said. 听了他的话我很痛心。

3. be hurt后可接动词不定式或that从句。如:

She was hurt to think of his being left alone. 想到他一个人留在那儿她就难受。

She was hurt that I had not gone to her party. 我没去参加她的晚会,她感到不快。

4. 注意hurt, injure, wound的区别:

(1) hurt属普通用词,指身体上的受伤,可轻可重,常带有较强的疼痛感。另外它还经常用于比喻义,表示精神或感情上的伤害。

(2) injurehurt的含义较为接近,但更正式,主要指人在意外事故中受到伤害。如:

In the accident 10 people died and 20 were seriously injured. 在这次事故中,有10人死亡,20人受重伤。

有时也用于比喻义。如:

Smoking will injure your health. 抽烟会损害你的健康。

Her refusal injured his pride. 她拒绝他,伤害了他的自尊心。

(3) wound 主要指外界暴力或用武器造成的较重的身体上的伤害,多用于战斗或作战等场合。如:

The soldier was badly wounded in the head. 这位士兵头部受了重伤。

(4) 从用法上看,过去分词woundedinjured均可用于名词前作定语,而用作过去分词的 hurt则很少这样用。如:

The wounded [injured] soldier was well looked after. 这个受伤的士兵受到了很好的照顾。

(5) the injuredthe wounded均可用作名词,意为受伤的人(具有复数意义),但一般不用the hurt来表示类似意义。如:

The injured [wounded] were sent to hospital. 受伤的人被送往医院。

本文关键字: 动词的用法

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