介词用法：表示其他意义的介词用法

2023-03-12 07:09:00来源：新东方在线整理

(1)on ,about 关于

on 表示这本书、文章、演说是严肃的学术性的，供专门研究这一问题的人阅读;

about表示内容较为普通，不那么正式。

例句：There will be a lecture on economics this afternoon.

He is writing a book on cooking.

He told me a lot about his life in the summer vocation.

(2)by, with, in 表示方法、手段、工具

by 以……方法、手段或泛指某种交通工具;

with 表示用 …工具、手段，一般接具体的工具和手段;

in 表示用…方式，用…语言(语调、笔墨、颜色)等;

例句：He makes a living by selling newspapers.

He broke the window with a stone.

The foreigner spoke to us in English.

(3)except, besides 除了

except 除……之外，不包括在内;

besides 除……之外，包括在内。

例句：Except Mr. Wang, we went to see the film.(王先生没去)

Besides Mr. Wang, we also went to see the film.(王先生也去了)

⑴ this / that / these / those / last / next / a / every / each等词构成的时间短语,前面不用任何介词。如：Every year travelers from abroad come to visit Pingyao.(每年都有国外的游客来游览平窑镇)/ He had a bad cold that week.(那个星期他患重感冒)

⑵ for有时用来引出动词不定式的逻辑主语,常翻译成"对于…而言"。如：It's too hard for me to finish the work in only one hour.(让我在区区一个小时内完成这项工作太难了)/ The house is big enough for 10 men to live in.(房子够大的可以容10个人住)

⑶ of有时用来表示后面的人物正好是前面的表语的逻辑主语。如：It's very nice/kind of you to do so.(你这么做真是太好了)

⑷ 介词有时会与它的宾语分离,而且宾语前置。

当宾语是疑问词时。Who are you talking about?(你们在谈论谁?)

宾语在从句中当连接词时。He has a younger brother who he must take good care of.(他有一个需要他照顾的小弟。) / Do you know who our teacher is talking with over there?(你知道我们的老师在那边和什么人谈话吗?)

动词不定式作定语且该动词为不及物动词,后面有介词。I finally found a chair to sit on.(我最终找到了一张椅子坐。)

(5) 记住一些固定词组：arrive at/in(到达…),on foot(步行),not…at all(根本不),to the north of(在…以北),in the east of(在…的东部),in the night(在夜间),at night(在晚上),be afraid of(害怕…),be full of(充满/ 装满….),be filled with(充满/ 装满….),be good/bad for(对…有益/有害),be made of(由…做成),be made from(由…制造),play with(玩耍……),look out of(朝…外面看),at the end of(在…末梢/结束时),by the end of(不迟于…/到…末为止),with the help of或with one's help(在…的帮助下),look after(照料…),look for(寻找…),on a bike(=by bike)骑车, help sb. with(帮某人做…),get on (well) with(与某人相处[融洽]),等等。

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