Adverbs, Gerunds, Participles 副词，动名词，分词

Adverbs, Gerunds, Participles

副词，动名词，分词

【听力音频】

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　　By Gena Bennett

　　12 January 2024

　　Hello! This week on Ask a Teacher, we answer a question from an English learner named Sidra.

　　Sidra asks:

　　I want to know the difference between adverb[s] of frequency and degree and...between participle[s] and gerunds.

　　Answer:

　　Thank you for writing, Sidra. First, let's answer your question about adverbs.

　　Adverbs

　　Different adverbs show different kinds of information.

　　Adverbs of time tell us four things: when, how long, how often, and relationship in time.

　　When something takes place. For example:

　　I finished the project yesterday.

　　How long something lasts, or duration.

　　The class seemed to last forever.

　　Frequency, or how often something happens.

　　Sometimes I skip breakfast.

　　And, the relationship of two things in time.

　　He still has my laptop.

　　Adverbs of degree answer the questions "How much/many?" or "To what extent?" For example,

　　She's staying with us for a bit.

　　We're fairly certain it's a good idea.

　　Degree adverbs can also demonstrate intensity. Some show high intensity. These kinds of adverbs are known as amplifiers.

　　The food was completely gone.

　　Others show low intensity, called diminishers.

　　I'm almost finished with the book.

　　So, adverbs of frequency tell how often, and adverbs of degree tell how much or to what extent.

　　Now for the second question – the difference between participles and gerunds.

　　Participles and gerunds

　　We know that verbs can end in –ing. Participles and gerunds are also words that end in –ing. Let's look at the differences.

　　When a verb ends in –ing, it is the progressive or continuous aspect. That means the event is incomplete or temporary.

　　We are listening to the podcast.

　　She was studying at the library.

　　Gerunds also have an –ing ending, but they do not act like verbs. A gerund is a noun. This means it can be the subject or object of a sentence. For example:

　　Listening to music is my favorite hobby.

　　She loves running.

　　Participles have an –ing ending, too. They also do not act as verbs. A participle is an adjective. We usually use a participle when we are describing an experience that makes us feel certain emotions. For example:

　　Her answer was surprising.

　　In this sentence, the participle "surprising" describes how you feel about "her answer."

　　Some other words that are often used as participles are amazing, boring, calming, exciting, and worrying.

　　Please let us know if this explanation has helped you, Sidra.

　　And that's Ask a Teacher.

　　I'm Gena Bennett.

　　Gena Bennett wrote this lesson for VOA Learning English.

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　　作者：吉娜·贝内特

　　日期：2024年1月12日

　　你好！这周的“问教师”环节，我们要回答一位名叫Sidra的英语学习者的问题。

　　Sidra问道：

　　我想知道频率副词和程度副词之间的区别，以及分词和动名词之间的区别。

　　答案：

　　感谢你的提问，Sidra。首先，让我们回答你关于副词的问题。

　　副词

　　不同的副词展示了不同类型的信息。

　　时间副词告诉我们四件事：何时，多久，多频繁，以及时间关系。

　　何时发生某事。例如：

　　我昨天完成了这个项目。

　　某事持续多久，或者说持续时间。

　　这堂课似乎永无止境。

　　频率，或者某事发生的频率。

　　有时我会跳过早餐。

　　以及，两件事在时间上的关系。

　　他仍然拿着我的笔记本电脑。

　　程度副词回答的问题是“多少？”或者“到什么程度？”例如，

　　她会和我们待一会儿。

　　我们相当确定这是个好主意。

　　程度副词也可以展示强度。有些展示高强度。这种类型的副词被称为增强副词。

　　食物完全没了。

　　其他的展示低强度，被称为减弱副词。

　　我快要读完这本书了。

　　所以，频率副词告诉我们多频繁，程度副词告诉我们多少或者到什么程度。

　　现在来回答第二个问题——分词和动名词的区别。

　　分词和动名词

　　我们知道动词可以以-ing结尾。分词和动名词也是以-ing结尾的词。让我们看看它们的区别。

　　当一个动词以-ing结尾时，它是进行时或连续体。这意味着事件是未完成的或暂时的。

　　我们正在听播客。

　　她在图书馆学习。

　　动名词也以-ing结尾，但它们不像动词那样行动。动名词是一个名词。这意味着它可以是句子的主语或宾语。例如：

　　听音乐是我最喜欢的爱好。

　　她喜欢跑步。

　　分词也以-ing结尾。它们也不像动词那样行动。分词是一个形容词。我们通常在描述让我们感到某种情绪的经历时使用分词。例如：

　　她的回答令人惊讶。

　　在这个句子中，分词"surprising"描述了你对"她的回答"的感觉。

　　一些其他经常被用作分词的词有amazing（令人惊奇的），boring（无聊的），calming（使人平静的），exciting（令人兴奋的）和worrying（令人担忧的）。

　　请告诉我们这个解释是否对你有所帮助，Sidra。

　　以上就是“问教师”环节。

　　我是吉娜·贝内特。

　　吉娜·贝内特为美国之音学习英语写了这堂课。

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　　故事中的词汇

　　a bit — adv. 一点儿，少量

　　extent — n. 某物的大小或数量；覆盖的范围