University vs. College 大学 vs. 学院

University vs. College

大学 vs. 学院

【听力音频】

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　　By Faith Pirlo

　　19 January 2024

　　Hi there! This week on Ask a Teacher, we answer a question from Le about the difference between the words "university" and "college."

　　Question:

　　Hello Teacher,

　　I love this program.

　　Would you mind explaining the difference between "university" and "college?"

　　I often misunderstand these two nouns.

　　Thanks,

　　Le

　　Answer:

　　We are glad you love our programs, Le, and thank you for writing to us.

　　This is an important question, especially for international students who might want to apply to U.S. colleges and universities.

　　Both places provide higher education. But their degree offerings, number of students and costs differ.

　　Let's start with "university."

　　University

　　"Universities" are large schools offering higher education that includes undergraduate and graduate degree programs.

　　Most faculty at universities are not only teachers but also researchers.

　　Large universities have tens of thousands of students and have students from all over the U.S. and the world.

　　Since universities offer both undergraduate and graduate degrees, they may offer many classes in many fields. But the cost of attending a university can be high, especially at private universities in the U.S. which are not supported by state governments.

　　An example of a public university is West Virginia University.

　　An example of a private university is Yale University in the state of Connecticut.

　　Let's move on to "college."

　　College

　　"College" can also mean a school where students receive higher education. Many high school students are asked:

　　Where do you want to go to college?

　　The answer to this question could be a university, a community college or even a trade school.

　　We also refer to students in higher education as "college students."

　　When Liz was a college student, she took classes during the day and worked in a hotel at night.

　　"College" is often used as a general word for a school offering education after high school. But "college" can have more specific meanings too.

　　Colleges are smaller schools that focus on undergraduate programs. They include community colleges, private and liberal arts colleges and even technical colleges and trade schools.

　　Faculty at community colleges mainly teach and advise students, rather than do research.

　　A college can also be a division within a university. For example, a university might have a "college of arts and sciences," which gives bachelor's degrees.

　　Colleges are smaller and have fewer students: hundreds to thousands of students rather than tens of thousands of students.

　　Because colleges, especially community colleges, serve a smaller population, they have fewer international students.

　　Classes are also likely to be limited at colleges, especially at some community colleges. They might offer general education classes, career or technical degrees. Community colleges might offer some four-year undergraduate degrees, but many offer two-year programs. The aim might be for students to transfer to a four-year school. Career or technical certificates permit students to immediately enter the workforce upon completing the classes.

　　She went to a community college to study cooking to get a job working in a restaurant.

　　The cost of attending a community college is lower. The schools offer a low-cost way to gain college credits. However, private colleges and some technical schools may be just as costly as private universities.

　　Please let us know if these explanations and examples have helped you, Le.

　　I'm Faith Pirlo.

　　Faith Pirlo wrote this lesson for VOA Learning English.

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　　作者：Faith Pirlo

　　2024年1月19日

　　嗨，大家好！这周在“问教师”栏目中，我们将回答Le关于“大学”和“学院”这两个词之间的区别的问题。

　　问题：

　　你好，老师，

　　我喜欢这个节目。

　　你介意解释一下"大学"和"学院"之间的区别吗？

　　我经常误解这两个名词。

　　谢谢，

　　Le

　　回答：

　　我们很高兴你喜欢我们的节目，Le，感谢你给我们写信。

　　这是一个重要的问题，尤其是对于可能想申请美国大学和学院的国际学生。

　　这两个地方都提供高等教育。但他们的学位提供、学生数量和费用都有所不同。

　　让我们从“大学”开始。

　　大学

　　“大学”是提供包括本科和研究生学位课程在内的高等教育的大型学校。

　　大多数大学的教师不仅是教师，还是研究员。

　　大型大学的学生人数可达数万，来自美国各地甚至全球各地。

　　由于大学提供本科和研究生学位，因此可能在许多领域提供许多课程。但是，上大学的费用可能很高，尤其是在美国的私立大学，这些学校并未得到州政府的支持。

　　公立大学的一个例子是西弗吉尼亚大学。

　　私立大学的一个例子是康涅狄格州的耶鲁大学。

　　让我们接着来谈谈“学院”。

　　学院

　　“学院”也可以指提供高等教育的学校。许多高中生会被问到：

　　你想去哪所学院？

　　这个问题的答案可能是一所大学，一所社区学院，甚至是一所职业学校。

　　我们也常把接受高等教育的学生称为“大学生”。

　　当Liz还是个大学生时，她白天上课，晚上在酒店工作。

　　“大学”通常被用作一个通用词汇，指的是提供高中之后教育的学校。但是，“大学”也可以有更具体的含义。

　　学院是规模较小的学校，主要关注本科课程。它们包括社区学院、私立和文理学院，甚至技术学院和职业学校。

　　社区学院的教职员工主要是教学和指导学生，而不是做研究。

　　学院也可以是大学内的一个部门。例如，一所大学可能有一个“艺术和科学学院”，提供学士学位。

　　学院规模较小，学生人数较少：从几百到几千人，而不是几万人。

　　由于学院，尤其是社区学院，服务的人口较少，因此国际学生较少。

　　学院的课程也可能受到限制，尤其是在一些社区学院。他们可能提供通识教育课程、职业或技术学位。社区学院可能提供一些四年制本科学位，但许多提供两年制课程。目标可能是让学生转到四年制学校。职业或技术证书使学生在完成课程后可以立即进入劳动力市场。

　　她去社区学院学烹饪，以便在餐馆找到工作。

　　社区学院的学费较低。这些学校提供了一种低成本的方式来获得大学学分。然而，私立学院和一些技术学校的费用可能与私立大学一样高。

　　Le，如果这些解释和例子对你有所帮助，请告诉我们。

　　我是Faith Pirlo。

　　这节课是由Faith Pirlo为VOA学英语编写的。

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　　本故事中的词汇

　　degree –n. 一个证明某人已经完成了一系列大学或大学课程的文件

　　undergraduate –adj. 与高中后四年学习的学位有关

　　graduate –adj. 与一个人获得四年学位后的研究有关

　　faculty –n. 学校的教师群体

　　trade –n. 需要特殊技能和培训的工作，这是通过使用你的手来完成的

　　career –n. 一个人长期从事的工作或相关工作的路径

　　certificate –n. 证明一个人已经完成培训或课程的文件