高级口译0409听力原文汇总合集（6）

　　凌凌教你学口语：每日一句系列
　　备战口译：原创双语时事汇总
　　2010秋季上海口译考试报名通知

　　中级口译考试介绍：

　　具有大学英语四级和同等英语能力水平的考生可以报考。

　　凡获得“上海市英语中级口译岗位资格证书”者均具有良好的口语水平和基本口译技能，可从事一般的生活翻译、陪同翻译、涉外导游以及外事接待、外贸业务洽谈等工作。

　　上海中级口译的笔试和口试虽然是分开进行的，但其笔试的证书在社会上却有很高的认可度。现在中国受金融风暴的影响，各大公司纷纷裁员，但中高级口译等高等专业人才仍存在很大的缺口。

　　为了方便广大口译考生备战秋季的考试，新东方在线口译频道特别汇总整理了近九年来的中级口译听力原文，供考生复习备考。

　　高级口译0409听力原文汇总合集（6）

　　SECTION 4: LISTENING TEST
　
　　Part A: Note-taking And Gap-filling
　
　　【原文】

　　Culture is the set of beliefs and values that the members of a particular society share. A country’s culture includes the primary beliefs and practices that define socially acceptable behavior in that particular country. In spite of such things as widespread global travel and the emergence of huge multinational organizations, the world remains far from homogenous. Many different cultures exist in the world today; therefore there are differences in socially acceptable business behavior throughout the world. There are several ways in which business behavior varies from culture to culture. Now, saying “no” is one area of difference. In some countries, it is socially unacceptable to say “no”, even when that is the ultimate answer. Japanese business persons rarely say “no” to each other or to business people from other countries. This can result in prolonged discussions until the other party finally realizes the answer is truly negative and they state it. Then the Japanese business person can agree by saying “yes”, and negotiations can resume. Americans, however, value decisiveness. The quicker an American can arrive at a decision and move on, the more effective he or she feels. So Americans will say “no” rather quickly. This can offend people in cultures where stating “no” is undesirable. Personal distance or how close people stand to each other when they talk also varies from culture to culture. In some countries, business people tend to move physically closer to each other as they become more familiar with each other. Frequently when two business people move closer physically it indicates they are also coming closer together in their business negotiations. Business people in Japan and some Latin American countries like to stand close together as they talk. These people partially judge how close they are to agreements in their business negotiations by how physically close they are standing or sitting next to each other. Now Americans, on the other hand, do not want other people invading their personal space. This is especially important to American men. If an American business man were negotiating with a Japanese business man, and the Japanese man began to move toward the American, the American would most likely begin to back away, this could result in both men becoming suspicious of each other and it could result in poor communications between them. Now business cards also have different significance in various cultures. In Japan, exchanging business cards is an important ritual. The most important people at a business gathering exchange business cards first, the managers study each other’s cards, carefully noting every detail on the card, it may take two people 10 or 15 minutes to exchange business cards, discuss each other’s qualifications and experience, answer questions and compliment each other. Now American business people tend to collect business cards. Americans feel the information on business cards as important to have in their possession, but not important to know. They accept the cards quickly, and in a process that takes only 2 to 3 seconds, frequently put them into a coat pocket with just a glance, they then take the cards from the coat pocket later back at the office and examine them in greater detail. Now finally, what one culture feels is ethical behavior, another culture may consider unethical. For example, within the United States, bribes are both unethical and illegal, people who offer and accept bribes can be charged with criminal activity and can be jailed for these crimes. Companies whose employees are caught paying bribes can be fined large amounts of money. Other countries have different attitudes towards what would be considered bribes in the U.S. In Europe, for example, business gifts are more acceptable part of conducting business, but the details of what is and isn’t acceptable vary from country to country within Europe. For example, in Spain, bribes are regular part of doing business, while bribes are illegal, in the eyes of the law, nothing takes place. Now on the other hand, in Germany, people who pay bribes to conduct business can deduct the amounts from their income taxes. In Russia, bribes are a necessary expense in dealing with most business organizations. In addition, bribes and personal connections are necessary in order to do business with the government in Russia. Now as we have seen in the case of bribery, some unethical behavior can also be illegal. In such situations, employees must be aware of what is and is not acceptable behavior. Other ethically unacceptable behavior well not illegal may be offensive, so organizations have developed various ways to help their employees cope with the many different cultural practices and beliefs.

　　本文选自新东方口译名师裴晓栋的blog,blog链接地址：http://blog.hjenglish.com/peixiaodong

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