高级口译1003听力原文汇总合集（6）

2010-09-10 00:00:00来源：网络

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　　高级口译1003听力原文汇总合集（6）

　　NTGF

　　Let’s talk about a social condition that many people might be concerned about today. There are a few that I wanted to touch on, but the first one is the one I mentioned in the introduction---c/Crime in New York City. Crime is/was a problem for a very long time in NYC and it was rising and rising and rising and then it started dropping and I suppose there could be a number of different reasons for it, but I can’t really find that anybody really knows exactly for sure what caused it.

　　Crime is such a fundamentally contagious thing that once we reach the kind of tipping point and once certain influential people and community’s hard hit by crime stop behaving in that way, it was contagious, and there was a kind of sea change that happens all at once. Maybe we can go into those little triggers, because I find this really interesting, because we’re talking about such a big change that takes place being triggered by very small things. And what do you think some of those were? Well, I’m very impressed by this idea called “the broken window theory” which is an idea George Kellin has put forth in New England. He’s argued for some time that criminals and criminal behavior. is acutely sensitive to environmental cues and he uses the example: the broken window. If there is a car sitting on the street with a broken window, it is an invitation to someone to vandalize the car. Why? Because a broken window on a car symbolizes the fact that no one cares about the car, no one is in charge, no one is watching. And if you think about it, this is a fundamentally different idea about crime than the kind of ideas that we’ve been carrying for the past 25 years. We have been told by conservatives over and over again that crime is the result of moral failure, of something deep and intrinsic within the hearts and souls and brains of criminals, that a criminal is, by definition, in the sort of conservative typology, someone who’s insensitive to the environment. They just go and commit crime because that’s who they are, they’re criminals. Well, Kellin came along and said: “well, no, no, a criminal is a like all of us, someone who is acutely sensitive to what’s going on in the environment and by making subtle changes in the environment, you can encourage and induce much more socially responsible behavior. ” well, in NY, we have the perfect test case of that idea. It starts in the subway. You know in the early 1980s, they decided to clean up the subway. Well, how did they do it? The subway was a complete mess. Right? It was. Crime rates were going through the roof. They bring in a man who is a big disciple of this idea, of broken windows. And what does he do? Well, the first thing he does is he picks up all the litter. The second thing he does is he cleans up the graffiti and the third thing he does is he says from now on on/one one will ever jump a turn style. in a NYC subway station again. He puts cops by the turn styles and if someone jumps, he arrests them. Everybody said he was crazy, but you’ve got a subway system where people are killing and robbing and assaulting and raping each other, and what do you do? You go after the two kinds of criminality that the only two kinds of criminality that in fact don’t hurt anybody else, right？Turn Style. jumping and graffiti, you know, littering and graffiti. But it turns out that those were tipping points. Once they put those three changes in place. The subway starts to come around really quite dramatically. It’s because if you’re on a subway that’s clean and if you’re walking into the subway and no one is allowed to jump the turn style. any more, all of a sudden, everyone gets the message that someone is in charge and somebody cares about this, it’s not a space that permits this kind of criminal behavior.

　　本文选自新东方口译名师裴晓栋的blog,blog链接地址：http://blog.hjenglish.com/peixiaodong