法国电力EDF向中国台山核电站取经如何快速建站

2014-06-04 15:15:06来源：可可英语

　　When Chinese planners decided to build a nuclear power plant on a rain-lashed cove in the south of the country, they simply relocated more than 1,000 villagers to nearby towns.

　　当中国规划人员决定在华南一个常受大雨袭击的海湾建设核电站时，他们只需将逾1000名村民重新安置在附近的城镇。

　　Contrast that with EDF, a French utility, which is building a similar plant in southwest England. To minimise disruption to the neighbours, human and otherwise, it had to build a bypass road around the nearest town, relocate bat roosts and create man-made burrows for about 60 badgers.

　　相比之下，正在英格兰西南部建设类似核电站的法国电力集团(EDF)，为了把对邻近地区的人或其他生物的破坏降至最低，不得不围绕最近的城镇修建一条绕行道路，将蝙蝠的栖息地重新安置在其他地方，并为大约60只獾修建了人造洞穴。

　　Despite the differences, EDF is hoping to learn a lot from Taishan, where state-owned China General Nuclear is constructing two European Pressurised Reactors (EPRs). The main lesson: how to build a nuclear power station fast and on budget.

　　尽管有以上不同，EDF还是希望能够从台山核电站学到很多东西。在台山，中国国有的中国广核集团(China General Nuclear Power Group)将建造两座欧洲压水式反应堆(EPR)。EDF希望从该项目中学到的主要经验是：如何快速按预算建设核电站。

　　It is a lesson that is crucial for the future of the EPR. Each reactor is an enormous structure designed to withstand a direct hit by an aircraft, or the kind of flooding that devastated the Fukushima reactor during Japan’s 2011 tsunami. But building such safety margins into the design is expensive.

　　这一经验对于欧洲压水式反应堆的未来至关重要。每座反应堆都是一个巨大的建筑结构，其设计要能承受飞机的直接撞击，或者2011年日本海啸期间摧毁福岛反应堆的那种洪水袭击。然而，在设计方案中加入这样的安全裕度造价十分高昂。

　　The other two EPRs that are under construction – in Olkiluoto, Finland, and Flamanville in France – have been hit by severe delays and cost overruns. That’s allowed Taishan, which started third, to pull ahead, although it too has been delayed by about two years from its original end-2013 commissioning target by slower-than-expected construction, and a safety review of all reactors in China. The £16bn Hinkley Point C project in Somerset will meet about 7 per cent of the UK’s electricity demand. EDF has brought in CGN and rival nuclear operator China National Nuclear Corp (CNNC) as minority partners, partly in the hope they can contribute financing for future nuclear bids in Britain and elsewhere.

　　目前，另外两座正在建造的欧洲压水式反应堆已遭遇严重的工期延误和超支，分别位于芬兰奥尔基洛托(Olkiluoto)和法国弗拉芒维尔(Flamanville)。这使得原本第三个开工的台山核电站跑在了前面。不过，比起2013年底投产的最初目标，台山核电站工期也延误了大约两年，原因一方面是建设进度比预期要慢，另一方面则是中国对所有反应堆开展的安全审核。萨默塞特(Somerset)欣克利角C核电站(Hinkley Point C)造价为160亿英镑，将满足英国约7%的电力需求。EDF将中国广核集团和它的对手、核能运营商中国核工业集团公司(CNNC)都争取为少数合伙人，部分原因是希望这两个集团能够为未来在英国和其他地方开展的核能竞标提供资金。

　　“It would be a fantastic opportunity if we could tap into their experience to make sure that our project is successful at Hinkley,” Nigel Cann, Hinkley Point C’s construction director, said this month when he toured the Taishan site.

　　欣克利角C核电站工程建设总监奈杰尔•卡恩(Nigel Cann)这个月考察台山施工现场时表示：“这可能是一次绝佳的机遇，我们或许能用他们的经验，确保我们在欣克利角的项目成功。”

　　Much is at stake. For EDF to win export markets for the EPR, developed along with French engineering company Areva and Siemens of Germany, it needs to lower costs and reduce construction hitches.

　　对EDF来说，此事事关重大。要想为该公司与法国工程公司阿海珐(Areva)和德国西门子(Siemens)一道开发的欧洲压水式反应堆技术打开出口市场，该公司必须降低成本，并减少工程建设过程中的磕磕绊绊。

　　Maximising efficiency is also very important for the UK’s nuclear ambitions. Hinkley Point is the first of 5 new nuclear power plants that the government envisages will come on line by the end of the 2020s.

　　效率最大化对英国的核电理想也非常重要。英国政府计划在2030年之前投入运行5座新的核电站，欣克利角核电站是其中的第一座。

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