双语新闻:人工培育肌肉组织研究获重大进展

2014-04-25 15:30:59来源：可可英语

　　布尔萨奇和包括第一作者、研究生马克·尤哈斯(Mark Juhas)在内的团队第一次在动物身上证明，他们可以利用干细胞生成自我修复并逐渐变强的肌肉组织。

　　The team published the results in late March in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

　　3月下旬，团队将实验结果发表在《美国国家科学院院刊》(Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)上。

　　They also used a new technique for watching the tissue grow by creating a 'window' in the backs of mice that allowed them to see into the animals without harming them and watch the muscle cells regenerate before their eyes.

　　他们还利用一种新技术来观察组织的生长，具体办法是在老鼠背部打开一个“窗口”，从而能够在不伤害动物的情况下察看其内部，看着肌肉细胞在眼前再生。

　　First, they took muscle tissue from rats and isolated the stem cells, which are the cells that grow into muscle tissue throughout life. Then, after growing more stem cells, they were mixed with a substance containing fibrinogen naturally found in blood clots to help the cells bind together. The combination was placed in a cylindrical mold so that the cells formed long, cylindrical tissue, mimicking the shape of natural muscle.

　　首先，他们从老鼠身上取下肌肉组织，将干细胞(在生命周期中长成肌肉组织的细胞)分离出来。在培育出更多干细胞之后，就把这些细胞跟一种包含纤维蛋白原的物质混合在一起。(纤维蛋白原天然地存在于血液凝块中，有助于细胞组合在一起)。然后将混合物放进一个圆柱形模具里，让细胞形成长长的圆柱形组织，模仿天然肌肉的形状。

　　The scientists tested the tissue in two ways: In a dish, researchers stressed the tissue by applying a toxin to it that destroyed a number of muscle fibers, and then watched to see if the fibers regrew.

　　科学家用两种方法测试培育出来的组织。研究人员在一个培养皿里给肌肉组织施放一种毒质，破坏掉一定数量的肌肉纤维，然后看纤维会不会重新生长。

　　The fibers did regenerate. Within 10 days after injury, the muscle regained 80% to 90% of its strength. In a separate experiment, scientists implanted the tissue into a mouse that had a 9-millimeter-wide portal implanted in its back. Within two weeks that tissue increased its strength threefold, into the range of normal muscle strength, Dr. Bursac says.

　　纤维真的再生了。在受伤之后10天内，肌肉恢复了80%到90%的力量。在另一项实验中，科学家将组织植入一只之前在背上植入了一个9毫米宽入口的老鼠。布尔萨奇说，两个星期之内，组织力量增加到原来的三倍，达到了正常肌肉力量的范围。

　　The group also replicated the work using human muscle stem cells in a dish, though that work hasn't yet been published, according to Dr. Bursac. The researchers are now working on optimizing the growth of human muscle tissue, including finding a way to get blood flow to the tissue, the best source of cells and the best growing medium for the cells.

　　据布尔萨奇说，团队还利用人类肌肉干细胞在一个培养皿中重复了上述实验，不过实验结果还没有发表。研究人员目前正在着手完善人类肌肉组织的培养，比如想办法让血液流入组织，找到最好的细胞源，以及为细胞寻找最好的生长介质等。

　　Other scientists, such as Brown's Dr. Vandenburgh, working with David Mooney's team at Harvard University, have made significant strides using a different stem-cell approach, focusing on implanting human stem cells using the right concoction of biological chemicals to stimulate growth.

　　布朗大学的范登伯格博士等一些科学家则利用不同的干细胞处理方法取得了明显的进展。他们侧重于在植入人类干细胞的时候利用适合的生物化学调和物来刺激生长。范登伯格博士跟哈佛大学(Harvard University)戴维·穆尼(David Mooney)团队一起合作。

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