美国衰落与中国崛起无关中国短期内不会成为全球超级大国

2014-05-08 13:24:27来源：可可英语

　　Since then the US has lacked the capacity to finish a new round. The Doha trade round is all but dead. Mr Obama’s big trade initiatives in Europe and the Pacific are foundering. Both were launched for defensive reasons – China was not included in the Transpacific Partnership and Russia is not part of the transatlantic talks. But the US lacks the clout to see them through.

　　自那以后，美国一直未能推动新一轮贸易谈判顺利完成。多哈(Doha)回合贸易谈判已几乎死亡。奥巴马在欧洲和太平洋地区主推的大手笔贸易倡议进展不顺。这两项举措都是出于防御目的而发起的——中国没有被纳入《跨太平洋战略经济伙伴关系协定》(TPP)，俄罗斯也不是跨大西洋贸易谈判的一员。但美国缺乏推动这两项谈判顺利完成的影响力。

　　The same applies to reform of the IMF. It is absurd that China’s voting share of the world’s top economic body is just 4 per cent – barely a third of its dollar weighting in the global economy.

　　这一问题在IMF的改革中同样存在。中国在这一世界顶尖经济组织中的投票权重仅为4%(勉强达到中国在全球经济总量中所占比重的三分之一)，这非常荒谬。

　　Countries such as India, Mexico and Brazil are also woefully under-represented: Belgium still has a greater voting weight than either. Understandably they are beginning to drift away from the institutions the US built. To his credit, Mr Obama concluded the IMF governance negotiations that were begun under George W Bush and reached a deal to increase the emerging world’s representation. But even this marginal reweighting has been blocked by Congress, which is also blocking Mr Obama’s leeway to pursue his trade initiatives. The US is behaving like a declining hegemon: unwilling to share power, yet unable to impose outcomes.

　　印度、墨西哥、巴西等国的投票权重同样严重偏低(比利时的投票权重仍比上述任何一个国家都要高)。可以理解的是，新兴国家正开始渐渐疏远美国打造的国际机构。值得肯定的是，奥巴马完成了始于乔治·W·布什(George W Bush)任内的IMF治理谈判，并达成了一项协议，提高新兴世界国家在IMF中的投票权重。但即便是这种小幅度的权重调整也遭到了美国国会的阻挠，美国国会还封杀了奥巴马推动贸易谈判的自由空间。美国表现得像是一个日渐衰落的霸权：不愿分享权力，但也无法强迫别国接受安排。

　　The same influences are visible in America’s approach to tackling climate change. As the world’s richest country, the US cut a deal to subsidise carbon emission reductions in the emerging world. But the so-called “cash for cuts” strategy is missing a vital ingredient – cash.

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