日本充分就业为何未让雇员受益

2014-09-24 18:18:46来源：可可英语

　　Second, immigration policy needs to be bolder. True, allowing in lots of foreign workers mightput downward pressure on wages, at least initially. Yet there are some jobs that Japanese aresimply not prepared to do. If foreigners were brought in, for example, to provide affordablecare for children and the elderly, this could free Japanese women to have more fulfillingcareers.

　　其次，移民政策需要更为大胆。确实，允许大量外国劳动者进入可能会对薪资构成下行压力，至少一开始会如此。然而，有一些工作是日本人不愿意从事的。例如，如果引入外国人为儿童和老人提供价格实惠的看护服务，那么这可能会让日本女性解放出来去从事更有成就感的职业。

　　That brings us to the third point. Women are flooding into the workforce in unprecedentednumbers. Nearly 65 per cent of women aged between 15 and 65 are working, the highestpercentage since records began in 1968.

　　这就要谈到第三项措施。空前数量的女性正涌入劳动大军。近65%的年龄在15岁至65岁之间的女性在工作，为自1968年有记录以来最高。

　　There is a catch. The majority of these jobs are badly paid, part-time or both. Too manycompanies still view men as the primary wage earner: younger women are there to look prettyand older women to do the drudgery. If Japan is to progress, such attitudes need to change.

　　这里存在一个难题。其中大部分工作要么薪资不高，要么为兼职工作，或者两者兼具。太多企业仍然将男人视为主要雇佣劳动者：较为年轻的女性是为了充当“花瓶”，而年纪较大的女性则去做那些脏活累活。如果日本要进步的话，这种态度需要改变。

　　Legislation can help. One simple measure would be on tax. At present the head of ahousehold, usually male, can claim a dependent tax exemption for his wife so long as sheearns less than about $10,000 a year. Neutral tax treatment of second earners would removethis disincentive, encouraging married women to pursue full-time careers. And if the men didnot like it, they could always stay at home and look after the kids.

　　立法可以起到一定帮助。一项简单的措施是税收立法。目前，户主(通常为男性)可以为妻子申请赡养免税，只要妻子的年收入不足1万美元。给予家庭中第二赚钱者中性税收待遇，将消除这种抑制工作积极性的因素，从而鼓励已婚女性从事全职工作。如果男性不喜欢，他们可以呆在家里照顾孩子。

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