欧洲必须认真对待民粹主义威胁

2014-09-25 15:24:54来源：可可英语

　　From France and the Netherlands to Austria and Greece, the radical right is an establishedphenomenon. Even though it has never held power in an EU country, it is remoulding politicallandscapes. A minority government beckons in Stockholm because the 49 seats won by theSweden Democrats have denied an absolute majority to the victorious parties of the left.

　　从法国、荷兰到奥地利、希腊，极右翼势力的崛起已是既成事实。尽管这股势力从未在某个欧盟(EU)国家掌权，但它正在重塑欧洲的政治格局。斯德哥尔摩很可能会出现一个少数派政府，原因是瑞典民主党赢得了49个席位，导致在选举中获胜的左翼政党无法形成绝对多数。

　　AfD’s success – it now holds seats in three of Germany’s 16 state assemblies as well as theEuropean Parliament – is one factor behind the electoral collapse of the liberal FreeDemocrats. For most of the Federal Republic’s history between 1949 and 2013, the FDP was thenation’s third party, an essential element of coalition governments and the pro-business voicein German politics. Now it has no seats in the Bundestag, the lower house. The latestmiserable results in regional elections have removed it from the upper house where the statesare represented.

　　如今，德国新选项党在该国16个州议会中的3个拥有席位，在欧洲议会也拥有席位。该党的成功，是导致自由派的德国自民党(FDP)在选举中溃败的因素之一。在德意志联邦共和国1949年至2013年历史的大部分时间里，德国自民党都是第三大党，是联合政府不可或缺的组成部分，在政界属于亲商派。如今，该党在德国议会下院——德国联邦议院(Bundestag)——中已没有席位。由于最近在地方选举中遭遇惨败，该党在代表各州的议会上院中也被扫地出门。

　　AfD attracts disaffected voters from all parties. It is no longer a single-issue movement,mixing its original hostility to the euro and German-guaranteed financial bailouts with supportfor small businesses and improved education.

　　德国新选项党从各个党派那里把心怀不满的选民吸引过来。该党不再是一个聚焦于单一问题的运动，而是一面继续反对欧元和德国担保下的金融纾困，一面支持小企业和改善教育。

　　Rightwing populism displays different characteristics from country to country, possessing anastier far-right streak in Greece and Hungary than in Germany and the UK. One crucialelement in the rise of AfD, the National Front and Ukip is the decision of their leaders to steerclear of explicit racism, let alone uniformed violence. Instead they aim to buildrespectability by concentrating on law and order, immigration, the overburdened welfare stateand perceived threats to national identity.

　　右翼民粹主义在不同国家展现出不同特征：与德国和英国的情况相比，希腊和匈牙利右翼民粹主义带有更令人反感的极右色彩。德国新选项党、法国国民阵线和英国独立党崛起的背后有一项关键因素：他们的领导人决定不诉诸露骨的种族主义，更别说身着制服实施暴力行为了。相反，他们关注法律与秩序、移民、负担过重的福利国家以及人们眼中国家认同受到的威胁，打算以此赢得尊重。

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