新研究对乳腺癌X光筛查提出进一步质疑

2014-10-08 16:59:59来源：可可英语

　　The Canadian study reached the same conclusion about the lack of a benefit frommammograms after 11 to 16 years of follow-up, but some experts predicted that as time wenton the advantages would emerge.

　　在进行了11到16年的复查随访后，加拿大这项研究得出了乳房X线检查没有裨益的同样结论。但一些专家预计，随着时间的推移，乳房X线检查的优势将会显现。

　　That did not happen, but with more time the researchers could, for the first time, calculate theextent of overdiagnosis, finding cancers that would never have killed the women but that led totreatments that included surgery, chemotherapy and radiation.

　　这种情况还没有出现，但因为多花了一些时间，研究人员首次计算出了过度诊断的程度，即针对绝不会令女性丧生的癌症肿块，实施手术、化疗和放疗等治疗手段。

　　Many cancers, researchers now recognize, grow slowly, or not at all, and do not requiretreatment. Some cancers even shrink or disappear on their own. But once cancer is detected, itis impossible to know if it is dangerous, so doctors treat them all.

　　研究人员现在认识到，很多癌症肿块生长缓慢，或根本不生长，也不需要治疗。有些癌症肿块甚至会萎缩或自行消失。但是，一旦癌症肿块被检测到，你就不知道它是否会带来危险，所以医生会统统进行治疗。

　　In the United States, about 37,000,000 mammograms are performed annually at a cost ofabout $100 per mammogram. Nearly three-quarters of women age 40 and over say they had amammogram in the past year. More than 90 percent of women ages 50 to 69 in severalEuropean countries have had at least one mammogram.

　　美国每年大约要做3700万例乳房X线检查，每次检查的费用约为100美元(约合人民币600元)。40岁及以上的女性有四分之三表示曾在过去一年里进行过乳房X光检查。在几个欧洲国家，年龄在50至69岁的女性中有超过90%至少进行过一次乳房X光检查。

　　Dr. Kalager, whose editorial accompanying the study was titled "Too Much Mammography,"compared mammography to prostate-specific antigen screening for prostate cancer, usingdata from pooled analyses of clinical trials. It turned out that the two screening tests werealmost identical in their overdiagnosis rate and had almost the same slight reduction inbreast or prostate deaths.

　　卡拉格博士关于这项研究的社论标题是《乳房X光检查泛滥》(Too Much Mammography)，文中使用来自临床试验的汇总分析数据，把乳房X光检查跟前列腺癌的前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)筛查相提并论。数据显示，这两种筛查的过度诊断率几乎相同，在降低乳腺癌或前列腺癌死亡率的效果方面也几乎同样轻微。

　　"I was very surprised," Dr. Kalager said. She had assumed that the evidence formammography must be stronger since most countries support mammography screening andmost discourage PSA screening.

　　“我感到非常惊讶，”卡拉格博士说。她原以为支持乳房X光检查的证据肯定会更加有力，因为大多数国家都支持乳房X光筛查，反对PSA筛查。

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